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350 Week 4 > MSK, Head & Neck > Flashcards

MSK, Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 bodily structures relevant to a head & neck assessment?

A 
Skull
Muscles
Salivary glands
Temporal Artery
Lymph Nodes
Trachea
Thyroid Gland
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2
Q

On your own head, point to the following bones of the skull:
Frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, occipital bone, maxilla, mandible, mastoid process, and temporomandibular joint

A

look at a diagram on google or in notes to confirm

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3
Q

On your own head, point to the following muscles/parts of the head:
palpebral fissure, nasolabial fold, masseter, sternomastoid, trapezious

A

look at a diagram on google or in notes to confirm

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4
Q

On your own head, point to the following lymph nodes of the head:
posterior auricular, preauricular, occipital, jogulodigastric, superficial cervical, deep cervical chain, posterior cervical, supraclavicular, submandibular, submental

A

look at a diagram on google or in notes to confirm

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5
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands in the jaw? Name them from top of the mandible down to the chin.

A

parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

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6
Q

What are the major arteries (2) that stem from the common carotid artery and veins (2) surrounding the sternomastoid muscle and the one artery that carries on to the face?

A 
Internal jugular vein
External jugular vein
Temporal artery (face)
external carotid artery
internal carotid artery
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7
Q

What are the two salivary glands you can see by inspection if they are infected?

A

Parotid & sublingual

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8
Q

Name the major structures of the neck (9) [in order from highest to lowest]

A 
hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
thyroid gland
isthmus of the thyroid
trachea
sternomastoid musle
clavicle
manubrium (of sternum)
check notes for diagram
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9
Q

What anatomical structure is also known as the adams apple

A

thyroid cartilage

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10
Q

What are some developmental considerations for the head/neck of infants?

A
  • Fontanels “soft spots”
  • Caput Succedaneum (swelling/bruising on the presenting part; will self-resolve)
  • Cephalohematoma (hemorrhage between the periosteum and the skull; will self-resolve)
  • Molding
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11
Q

What are some developmental considerations for the head/neck of pregnant women and older persons?

A

pregnant persons
- thyroid hyperplasia (enlargement)

older persons
- decrease elasticity and fat stores in the skin may cause facial bones to appear more prominent

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12
Q

What are the components of a subjective head & neck assessment? (5) What do you do if you find any abnormalities?

A
  • unusual/ frequent headaches
  • history of head injuries & lasting symptoms; surgeries
  • dizziness/vertigo
  • neck pain and/or limited neck movement
  • lumps or swelling
    If any of these are found -> PQRSTU AAA
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13
Q

Describe the difference b/w objective and subjective vertigo.

A 
obj = room spinning
subj = the person feels like they're spinning
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14
Q

What things should you inspect and palpate for during the objective assessment of the head and neck?

A
  • size and shape of head
  • temporal area (symmetry + temporomandibular joint)
  • face (symmetry)
  • neck (symm, ROM, enlarged lymph nodes, enlarged salivery glands)
  • trachea
  • thyroid gland
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15
Q

Describe difference b/w microcephaly and macrocephaly

A

micro - small head

macro - large head

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16
Q

What is the technique for palpating lymph nodes? What are we looking for?

A

Using gentle circular motions. Looking for size, shape, location, mobility, consistency (hard/soft), tenderness.

17
Q

Describe what a normal healthy node should feel like?

A

moveable, soft, and non-tender nodes

18
Q

Describe what an infected node should feel like?

A

enlarged (palpable), tender, firm, and movable nodes

19
Q

Describe what a possibly cancerous node should feel like?

A

hard, fixed, non-tender node

20
Q

Name the functions of the MSK system (6)

A
  • Support (ex. for standing)
  • Movement
  • Protection (of internal organs)
  • RBC production (bone marrow)
  • Storage for essential minerals (Ex. Ca and phosporous)
  • Framework (of the body)
21
Q

What are the relevant structures of the MSK system?

A 
Bones
Muscles
Cartilage
Joints
Bursa
Ligaments (remember ACL tears)
Tendons
22
Q

Describe the difference between synovial and non synovial joints.

A

Nonsynovial Joints – only slightly moveable joints Ex. between vertebrae or bones of the skull
Synovial Joints – freely moveable joints, contain synovial fluid and a layer of cartilage between the two bones

23
Q

What is the function of muscle and what are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Fxn: create movement by contracting
Types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac

24
Q

Go through the skeletal muscle movements on the back of this card

A 
Flexion 
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Pronation
Supination
Circumduction
Inversion
Eversion
Rotation 
Protraction
Retraction
Elevation 
Depression
25
Q 
Which of the following are hinge joints (select all that apply):
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Spine/vertebral joints
Shoulder
Elbows
Wrist & carpal joints
Hips
Knee
Ankle and Foot
A 
Hinge:
TMJ 
Elbows
Knee
Ankle and Foot

Ball and socket:
Hips
Shoulder

26
Q

What are some developmental considerations in MSK assessments of

a) infants and children
b) pregnant persons
c) older persons

A

a) hip dysplasia (dislocation) & growing pains
b) increased mobility of joints Ex. Lordosis (postural change)
c) Loss of bone density – osteoporosis may occur
Muscle mass decreases
Decreased height b/c of shortening of the vertebral column
Kyphosis = curving of the thoracic spine

27
Q

What are the components of a subjective MSK assessment? (5)

A

Joints - pain, stiffness, swelling, redness, limitations to ROM
Muscles - pain, weakness
Bones - Pain, congenital anomaly, injury, numbness/tingling
Functional assessment - ADLs
Self-care - exercise, occupational hazards, medds

28
Q

Name all ROMs for each joint in the body.

A

TMJ - Open-close, Protrusion-retraction, side to side
Spine/vertebral joints - flexion, extension, abduction, rotation
Shoulder - flexion, hyperextension, internal rotation, abduction, adduction, external rotation, circumduction
Elbows - flex/extend
Wrist - flex/extend, side to side
Carpal joints - finger flex/extend
Hips - flexion, internal and external rotation, abduction,
adduction, circumduction
Knee - flex/extend
Ankle and Foot - flex/extend, inversion/eversion

29
Q

What are the characteristics of the spine?

A 
- 33 vertebrae
7 cervical
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3-4 coccygeal (sometimes fused in people = 3 or not = 4)
- Between each bone is an intervertebral cartilage
- Paravertebral muscles
- Double S curve
30
Q

Name the three bones that meet to make the elbow. Point to the the epicondyles (2) and olecranon process.

A

humerus
radius
ulna
medial and lateral epicondyles

31
Q

What joints allows for pronation/supination? Where are they?

A

radioulnar joints at elbow and wrist

32
Q

Name the joints found in the hand (excluding wrist joint)

A

mid-carpal joints
mid-carpal (carpal as in “carpal-tunnel” aka base of hand)
Metacarpophalangeal
Interphalangeal joints

33
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the hip? (4)

A 
Iliac crest (anterior + posterior iliac spine) 
ischial tuberosity
greater trochanter
34
Q

Knee:

  • articulation of which 3 bones?
  • what muscle attaches here?
  • what are the 2 bony landmarks nearby
A
  • Articulation of the femur, tibia and patella
  • Quadriceps muscle – assess symmetry
  • Bony landmarks: lateral and medial condyles of the tibia & lateral and medial epicondyles of the femur
35
Q

What are the two joints of the ankle/foot that you need to know?

A

Tibiotalar joint

  • Hinge joint -> flexion & extension
  • Bony land marks: medial malleolus & lateral malleolus

Subtallar joint
- Movements: inversion & eversion of ankle

36
Q

What are the components of an objective MSK assessment? (4)

A

Inspection - Size, contour(shape/symmetry), colour (redness), swelling, masses, anomalies
Palpation - Temperature, tenderness, swelling, masses, muscles, bony articulations, crepitation (cracking sound)
ROM - passive and active (look up definition if udk)
Muscle Testing - for strength against opposing force

37
Q

T or F:

audible clicking of joints is a normal sign.

A

True as long as there is no pain

38
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the impingement of the _____ nerve. What two tests are used to assess possible presence of CTS?

A

Medial nerve
Phalen’s Test
- Hands back to back, fingers pointing down
- Numbness or burning = concern

Tinel’s Sign

  • Tap in the middle of the inside of wrist
  • Numbness or burning = concern

350 Week 4 (2 decks)

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