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MSK & Rheumatology > MSK general points > Flashcards

MSK general points Flashcards

1
Q

IgA inflammatory vasculitis causing red spots on buttocks after infection - self limiting - seen in children

A

Hinoch Scholein purpura (vasculitis)

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2
Q

Pain in posterior ankle seen in older people after exercise (or athletes) - associated with overuse

A

Achilles tendonitis

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3
Q

Sudden pain in posterior leg (like being kicked) - simmonds test positive

A

Achilles rupture

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4
Q

Knee pain and swelling after “twisting” injury - Lachmans test +ve

A

ACL rupture

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5
Q

Lower back pain & reduced movement - wall to occput test & Schober test - HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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6
Q

Seen in teenage girls - NSAIDs & reassurance needed

A

Anterior knee pain

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7
Q

Disruption of blood supply to bone

A

Avascular necrosis (AVN)

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8
Q

Pain in elbow, hip (over greater trochanter) - NSAIDs, rest, Corticosteroids

A

Bursitis

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9
Q

Pain in elbow, hip (over greater trochanter) - NSAIDs, rest, Corticosteroids

A

Bursitis

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10
Q

Saddle anasthesia, urinary retention, faecal incontinence - urgent MRI & surgery

A

Cauda equina syndrome

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11
Q

Lack of oxygen during or shortly after birth

A

Cerebral palsy

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12
Q

Malignant tumour producing cartilage

A

Chonrosarcoma

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13
Q

Surgical emergency of the knee - may cause damage to popliteal artery

A

Combined knee ligament ruptures & knee dislocation

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14
Q

Hip displacement in children - seen more commonly in female babies - Pavlik harness

A

Development dysplasia of the hip

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15
Q

Common - usually medial - pops back in itself

A

Dislocation and subluxation of the patella

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16
Q

Trisomy 21 - atlanto-axial subluxation - may cause nerve compression

A

Downs syndrome

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17
Q

Trisomy 21 - atlanto-axial subluxation - may cause nerve compression

A

Downs syndrome

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18
Q

Mutation of type 3 collagen - causes stretchy skin & recurrent joint dislocation - boney fixation

A

Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome

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19
Q

Joint pain related to IBD - HLA-B27

A

Enteropathic arthritis

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20
Q

Small vessel vasculitis - especially in the nose - P-ANCA with to EPO

A

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis - churg-strauss

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21
Q

Damage to C5,6 - medially rotated arm with waiters tip posture

A

Erb’s palsy

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22
Q

Bone tumour of the neural crest cells

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

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23
Q

Chronic pain syndrome - pain, depression, non restorative sleep

A

Fibromyalgia

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24
Q

Failure of the medial arch

A

Flat feet

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25
Q

Outpouching of synovial fluid - leave or surgical removal

A

Ganglion cyst

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26
Q

Knock knees

A

Genu Valgus

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27
Q

Bow leg

A

Genu Varum

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28
Q

Large vessel vasculitis seen in >50s - granulomatous inflammation may lead to blindness

A

Giant cell arteritis - high dose steroids

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29
Q

Uric acid deposition in joints - red, hot, swollen & painful - -ve bifrignement crystals on aspiration - colchicine & allopuril

A

Gout

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30
Q

C-ANCA - PR3 - small vessel vasculitis affecting lungs - steroids

A

Granulmoatosis with polyangitis - Wegners

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31
Q

OA in the big toe - painful - analgesic & arthrodesis

A

Hallux rigidus: 1st MTPJ OA

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32
Q

Medial displacement of the big toe - conservative treatment –> surgery (bunion)

A

Hallux valgus

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33
Q

OA of the hip - pain on movement

Hip replacement in suitable candidates

A

Hip arthritis & Total Hip Arthroplasty

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34
Q

Damage to c8 & t1 - causes paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles & horners

A

Klumpke’s palsy

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35
Q

Arthritis is common in this joint (OA & RA) - However replacement is often unsatisfactory

A

Knee arthritis & Knee replacements

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36
Q

Dash board injury uncommon in isolation - posterior sag test positive

A

LCL tears / ruptures

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37
Q

Benign collection of fat cells - can be removed

A

lipoma

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38
Q

Malignant collection of fat cells

A

Liposarcoma

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39
Q

Young woman with joint pain and malar rash - +ve for ANA, anti-dsDNA & anti-SM

Immunosupression & hydroxychloroquine

A

SLE

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40
Q

Autosomal dominant issue with fibrillin - long arms, high arched pallet, aortic insufficiency

A

Marfan’s syndrome

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41
Q

Skiing injury

A

MCL tears

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42
Q

Common cause of lower back pain - analgesia and exercise

A

Mechanical back pain

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43
Q

Twisting injury - joint line pain - MRI needed

A

Meniscal tear

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44
Q

Seen after overuse - can be hard to see on x-ray until callus forms - repeat x-ray if clinically suspicious

A

Metatarsal stress fractures

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45
Q

ANCA associated small vessel vasculitis

A

Microscopic polyangitits

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46
Q

Swelling of nerve in toe - painful - conservative treatment –> surgery

A

Morton’s neuroma

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47
Q

OA due to cartilage wear and tear - painful - LOSS on x-ray however it is a clinical diagnosis - pain relief –> joint replacement

A

Osteoarthritis

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48
Q

Floating cartilage behind knee - causes pain and joint locking - NSAIDs & surgery

A

Osteochondritis dissecans

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49
Q

collagen disorder causing brittle bones - multiple fractures –> suspicion of NAI – Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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50
Q

Benign bone tumour with sclerotic halo

A

osteoid osteoma

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51
Q

Weakened bones due to low vitamin d - causes low calcium absorption - replacement

A

Osteomalacia & rickets

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52
Q

Bone infection - systemic illness & bone pain more common in children
S.aureus

A

Osteomyelitis

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53
Q

Weakened bone with normal mineralisation - aysymptomatic until low impact fracture - DEXA scan

Bisphosphonates & denusomab

A

Osteoporosis

54
Q

Most common primary bone tumour - localised pain and systemic symptoms

A

osteosarcoma

55
Q

Thickening of the bone due to

A

Paget’s disease

56
Q

AVN of the femoral head in young boys - limping child presentation

A

Perthes disease

57
Q

Heel pain in overweight individuals - rest & possibly corticosteroids

A

Plantar fasciitis

58
Q

Neurological deficit due to infection - rare

A

poliomyelitis

59
Q

Extra fingers - leave or remove

A

Polydactyly

60
Q

Weakness in the shoulder & hip girdle - associated with GCA - steroids

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

61
Q

Calcium deposition in joints - positive bifringement on aspiration - NSAIDs

A

Pseudogout

62
Q

Small joint arthritis - hla-b27 associated - NSAIDs, corticosteroids & DMARDS

A

Psoratic arthritis

63
Q

HLA-B27 - AI condition seen after infection - NSAIDs

A

Reactive arthritis

64
Q

Smooth muscle tumour

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

65
Q

Symmetrical polyarthritis of the small joints - seen with RF & anti-CCP - das28 score & dmards

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

66
Q

Compression/damage of the sciatic nerve - shooting pain down the leg - NSAIDs, physical therapy, surgery

67
Q

Lateral bend in the spine - treatment dependant on Cobb angle - physio to surgery

68
Q

AI disease affecting mucous secreting glands - dry mouth & no tears - schirmer test - anti-ro & anti-la

A

Sjogrens syndrome

69
Q

Knee injury - history of trauma & swelling - MRI indicated

A

Soft tissue injuries of the knee

70
Q

Failure of spinal closure in utero - seen

A

Spina Bifida

71
Q

Failure of spinal closure in utero - seen on checkup & AFP - oculta –> meningocele, and myelomeningocele

A

Spina Bifida

72
Q

Pain on walking due to nerve compression - pain is relieved walking up hill - NSAIDs, gabapentin –> surgery

A

Spinal stenosis & claudication

73
Q

Shearing of top of femur –> limping child –> surgical fixation

74
Q

Fingers stuck together –> surgical separation

A

Syndactyly

75
Q

Collagen deposition in organs - AI disease - anti-SCL-70 & anti-topiomerase-1

A

Systemic sclerosis

76
Q

Vasculitis seen in young japanese women –> pulseless disease due to intima infiltration –> corticosteroids

A

Takayasu arteritis

77
Q

Normal variant in some children

Also due to muscular dystrophy, Cerebral palsy and autism

A

Tip toe walking

78
Q

Presentation of a limping child - pain after viral infection - self limiting –> is it septic?

A

Transient synovitis of the hip

79
Q

Localised pain to the greater trochanter –> may be due to a tight tensor fascia lata

A

Trochanteric bursitis / gluteal cuff syndrome

80
Q

Compression of the median nerve - pregnancy, hypothyroidism - NSAIDs, splint, surgery

A

carpal tunnel

81
Q

Anti-jo-1 & heliptrope rash with Gottron lesions - proximal, symmetrical muscle weakness

A

Dermatomyositis

82
Q

Order of muscle

A

Fascicle –> perimysium –> endomysium

83
Q

Lymphocytic clustering in the perifasicular area

A

Dermatomyositis

84
Q

Symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness - no skin manifestations - inflammation of endomysium

A

Polymyositis

85
Q

Causes include S.aureus & salmonella - specific pain & systemic illness - MRI - antibiotics

A

Osteomyelitis

86
Q

Leg pain worse on sitting - specific features dependant on where is effected

A

Prolapsed disc

87
Q

Pain in the anatomical snuffbox - may not be evident on x-ray - splint and repeat

A

Scaphoid fracture - risk of AVN due to retrograde blood supply

88
Q

Weakness in gluteus medius & minimus of the leg being stood on

A

Trendelenburg sign - test of the superior gluteal nerves

89
Q

Female baby, High birth weight, breech position

A

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

90
Q

USS in small infants - x-ray in older children

A

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

91
Q

Damage to the ACL, MCL & Meniscus

A

unhappy triad injury

92
Q

Loss off blood supply –> leads to pain –> MRI –> Replace

93
Q

erythematous, raised and multilobed tumours - self resolve - topical beta-blockers

A

Congenital Haemangioma

94
Q

Radial nerve, brachial tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

A

Cubital fossa content

95
Q

Calcium pyrophosphate crystals - NSAIDs & steroids

A

Pseudogout

96
Q

Damage in cortical bone - seen in children

A

Greenstick fracture

97
Q

Fracture caused by rotational force

A

Spiral fracture

98
Q

High force fracture with many shards

A

Communicated

99
Q

Open fracture - risk of infection

100
Q

Crush fracture - due to osteoporosis

A

Compression fracture

101
Q

Straight line fracture

A

Transverse fracture

102
Q

Pencil-in-cup X-ray appearance, sausage fingers - treat as inflammatory arthritis

A

Psoriatic arthritis

103
Q

Wrist drop

A

Radial nerve palsy

104
Q

Dinner fork deformity of wrist - dorsal displacement after FOOSH

A

Displaced Colles Fracture

105
Q

Pain/tenderness in anatomical snuffbox - may not be seen on x-ray

A

scaphoid fracture

106
Q

Walking on pebbles

A

RA in feet leading to subluxation of metatarsophalangeal joints

107
Q

Arthritis, uveitis, urethritis

A

Reiters syndrome - reactive arthritis

108
Q

Which fractures are at risk of AVN

A 
Proximal scaphoid
Intracapsular femoral
Femoral condyles
Humeral capitellum
Proximal talus
109
Q

Foot drop

A

Common fibular nerve injury - anterior & lateral compartments

110
Q

Red, hot swollen joint + negative bifringement, needle shaped urate crystals

111
Q

NSAIDs, colchine, allopurinol

A

Gout treatment

112
Q

Envelope shaped/rhomboid, mildly positive birefringent Ca pyrophosphate crystals

A

Treat same as gout - history of hypercalcaemia

113
Q

Positive anterior draw test

A

ACL Rupture - twisting injury

114
Q

Pain in internal rotation and extension of knee at 90 degree

A

Lateral meniscal tear - McMurrays test

115
Q

Painful arc - abduction between 70-120degrees

A

Supraspinatous damage/impingement, frozen shoulder, calcium deposits

116
Q

Dry eyes, mouth, skin, +ve Schirmer’s test - increased risk of lymphoma

A

Sjogrens syndrome - anti-ro/la & RF - commonly seen with arthritis

117
Q

Dry eyes, Mouth, vagina & bronchitis

A

Sicca syndrome - primary without arthritis

118
Q

Locked knee

A

Bucket handle meniscal tear

119
Q

Bamboo spine on x-ray (syndophytes), sacroillitits & questionmark posture

A

Ankylosing spondylitis - HLAB27 +VE - loss of lumbar lordosis

120
Q

Shortened leg & externally related

A

Displaced fracture of the neck of femur

121
Q

Shortened leg & internally rotated

A

Dislocated femoral head

122
Q

Onion peel sign

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

123
Q

Sunburst pattern on x-ray

A

Osteosarcoma

124
Q

Soap bubble appearance on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumour

125
Q

Scalp tenderness & jaw claudication

A

Giant cell arteritis - emergency pred

126
Q

Gowers sigh positive

A

Duchenne MD

127
Q

Swollen woody calves

A

Duchenne or becker MD

128
Q

Rosary bead sign

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

129
Q

Light bulb sign

A

Posterior dislocation on xray

130
Q

Shepherds crook deformity or femur

A

Fibrous dysplasia

131
Q

Loosers zone on x-ray

A

Osteomalacia

MSK & Rheumatology (3 decks)

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