MSK General Flashcards
What does LTR stand for?
Local Twitch Response
What does Ptosis mean?
drooping eyelid
What’s coryza?
runny nose
What’s tinnitius?
ringing in the ears
If a patient reports calf pain, it’s a good idea to do what before tx?
homan’s sign
What’s normal ASIS-PSIS tilt angle?
7-15 degrees
What’s normal ASIS-pubic bone alignment?
aligned vertically
What’s normal “pelvic angle” (pubic symphysis-PSIS)?
30 degrees
What’s normal angle of spine of scapula?
15 degrees inclination (more superior laterally)
how does postural tone differ from resting tone?
postural tone requires constant activation whereas resting tone is only resistance of tension and responsiveness to passive elongation or stretch
What’s a definition of contracture?
adaptive shortening of a m or other soft tissue structure; this prevents normal extensibility of involved structures (can occur in mm, joint capsule, fascia and skin)
What’s the most severe form of m tightness?
tightness weakness
Are mm that have stretch weakness prone to TrPs, fatigue and spasm?
yes
When are spasms likely to occur?
when mm are fatigued/weak or lack normal felixibility
How does postural fault differ from postural dysfunction?
fault: no adaptive changes dysfunction: adaptive shortening and/or m weakness involved
What’s postural pain syndrome?
pain from mechanical stresses of poor/prolonged posture
What are the “3 legs of the postural stool”?
skeletal and ligs; mm and soft tissue; nervous
When doing ROM testing (to assess potential postural dysfunction/malalignment), what’s normal hip extension range?
15 degrees
When doing ROM testing (to assess potential postural dysfunction/malalignment), what’s normal lumbar spine flexion range?
S1-T12: 7 to 8 cm of flexion and L spine flattens
Upper crossed syndrome is tight (actually shortened position) ___ ___ and weak (actually lengthened position) ___ ___ which results in anterior scapular tilt
tight: upper traps and levator scap; pecs (esp pec minor) weak: neck flexors; lower trapezius and serratus anterior
What TrPs are common with kyphotic posture?
-pec major and minor -rhomboids -mid and lower traps -levator scap
What are three main classifications for headaches?
- vascular
- Migraine
- Cluster
- inflammatory
- Tumour
- Disease of eye, nose throat
- Sinus HA
- musculoskeletal
- Tension
- Cervical impairments - “cervicogenic”
- TMJ dysfunction
The mechanism of migraines is not completely understood, but it is though that it’s cause by what?
vasoconstriction followed by rapid vasodilation; there is some evidence that there may be some neurologicaldysfuntion involved
Concerning migraines, what’s “aura” and what’s its prevalence?
sensory hallucinations such as lights in eyes/visual disturbances, ringing in ears, tingling in limbs or face; 15% of migraines present with aura
What’s a contusion?
- a crushing injury from a direct blow that results in capillary rupture, bleeding, edema, and an inflammatory response (skin is intact; a bruise)
What’s a strain?
- trauma to a muscle and/or its tendon from overstretching or violent contraction. There is some degree of disruption to the musculotendinous unit.
- there is some degree of disruption to the soft tissue and is usually graded as a 1st (mild), 2nd (moderate) or 3rd (severe) degree strain
What’s a sprain?
- overstretching, partial tearing, or complete tearing of a ligament (or joint capsule) due to trauma
- there is some degree of disruption to the soft tissue and is usually graded as a 1st (mild), 2nd (moderate) or 3rd (severe) degree sprain
What’s a repetitive strain injury (RSI) aka overuse syndrome?
repeated, submaximal overload and/or frictional wear to a m or tendon resulting in inflammation and pain
What’s a dislocation?
an injury to a joint in which the articulating surfaces are no longer in contact
What’s an avulsion?
a fracture that occurs as the result of soft tissue the pulling/fracturing the bone
What’s a subluxation?
incomplete disruption of boney continuity that often involves soft tissue injury
What’s hemarthrosis?
bleeding into a joint, usually due to a severe trauma
What’s joint effusion?
swelling in the joint, increased intra articular fluid
What’s a ganglion (dealing with MSK, not neuro)?
ballooning of the wall of a joint capsule or tendon sheath
What’s bursitis?
inflammation of a bursa
What’s the definition of dysfunction?
loss of normal function of a tissue or region. the sdysfunction may be casued by adaptive shortening of the soft tissues (contractures), adhesions, m weakness or any condition resulting in abnormal tissue mobility
What’s the definition of joint dysfunction?
mechanical loss of normal joint play in synovial joints commonly which commonly cause loss of function and pain
What’s the definition of adhesion?
abnormal adherence of collagen fibers to surrounding structures during immobilization, after trauma, or as a complication of surgery, which restricts normal elasticity and gliding of the structures involved
What’s the definition of contracture?
adaptive shortening of skin, fascia, m, or a joint capsule that prevents normal mobility or flexibility of that structure
What’s the definition of spasm?
- involuntary contraction of a m (motor unit)
- can be intrinsic or protective (reflex m guarding)
What’s the definition of m weakness?
- a decrease in strength of m contraction
- can result from direct insult to m, or inactivity
- can result from impairments of the nervous system
What’s the definition of myofascial compartment syndromes?
increased intertitial pressure in a closed, nonexpanding, myofascial compartment that compromises the function of the blood vessels, m, and n (can be acute or chronic/exertional)
What do the notes indicate for length of stages of acute, sub-acute and chronic stages of tissue repair?
- acute: 4-6 days
- subacute: 10-17 days
- chronic:
- immature collagen can be remodelled with gentle persistent tx (8-10 weeks)
- after 14 weeks scar tissue is unresponsive to remodelling stresses (may last up to 6 weeks in some tissues with limited circulation – ligaments/tendons) (some things might take 6 months to a year)
- old scars do not respond well to stretching
- require adaptive lengthening of surrounding tissues
What’s myositis ossificans?
- formation of osseous tissue within m
- incidence: increases with severity and/or repetitive contusions, and poor treatment
- common sites of occurence are quads and brachialis
- when to be suspicious/red flag: with an increase in pain, return of inflammation, increasing hardness of a hematoma
Can any part of a contractile unit (tendon/m/attachment to bone) be strained?
yes
Where is the most common site of a strain?
at the musculotendinous junction (MTJ)
What’s the healing time of 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree strains?
- 1st: 7-10 days
- 2nd: 2-8 weeks
- 3rd: several months
How can hydrotherapy be used to treat m spasm?
- Heat: generally along with massage treatment
- Cold: useful when trying to interrupt pain-spasm cycle (analgesic affect). In cases of protective spasm, onlly cold should be uesd. When in doubt, use cold
What are some techniques that are geared toward treating mm spasm?
- Reciprocal Inhibition Tech
- Golgi Tendon Organ Tech
- Origin Insertion Tech
- MM approximation Tech
Inflammation of the EPB, APL tendon sheath is known as:
de quervain’s
What’s inflammation of the infrapatellar tendon known as?
jumper’s knee
What’s the aka for ostoarthritis?
degenerative joint disease
What’s ankylosis?
joint fusion
What are common treatments for Reumatoid Arthritis?
- NSAIDS
- corticosteroid injections
- not uncommon to tx with Prednison and other immune suppresants
- caution with deep and aggressive techs due to tissue fragility
What is specifically attacked with Sjogren’s Syndrome?
attacks exocrine glands that produce mucous and tears
What are the akas for Juvenile RA?
still’s desease, juvenile ideopathic arthritis
Which structures are we lining up for Pelvic Angle?
PSIS-pubic symphisis (30 degrees)
AKAs for osteophyte formation at joint margins in OA:
lipping or spurring (usually takes 10-15 years to develop)
