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Clinical Skills > MSK exams > Flashcards

MSK exams Flashcards

1
Q

What structures do you FEEL for on a shoulder exam?

A
  • Suprasternal notch
  • Acromioclavicular joint
  • Acromion
  • Subacromial space
  • Greater tuberosity of humerus
  • Scapula spine
  • Bicep tendon - coracoid process, supraglenoid tubercle
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2
Q

Muscles in shoulder FLEXION and DEGREE

A
  • Anterior deltoid
  • Pec major

180

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3
Q

Muscles in shoulder EXTENSION and DEGREE

A
  • Lat dorsi
  • Posterior deltoid
  • Pec major

65

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4
Q

Muscles in shoulder EXTERNAL ROTATION and DEGREE

A
  • Infraspinatus
  • Posterior deltoid
  • Teres minor

65

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5
Q

Muscles in shoulder INTERNAL ROTATION and DEGREE

A
  • Pec major
  • Lat dorsi
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres major
  • Deltoid

90

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6
Q

Muscles in shoulder ABDUCTION and DEGREE

A
  • Deltoid
  • Supraspinatus

180

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7
Q

Empty can test is for which muscle

A

Supraspinatus

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8
Q

Weak empty can test suggests….

A

Tear

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9
Q

Painful empty can test suggests…

A

Impingement or tendonitis

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10
Q

Test for impingement in shoulder

A

Hawkin’s impingement test

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11
Q

External rotation against resistance - which muscle?

A

Infraspinatus

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12
Q

Weak external rotation in shoulder

A

Tear in infraspinatus

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13
Q

Pain - external rotation of shoulder

A

Tendonitis

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14
Q

Lift off test - which muscle

A

Subscapularis

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15
Q

Weak lift off test

A

Tear in subscapularis

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16
Q

Pain lift off test

A

Tendonitis

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17
Q

Gait - 2 abnormalities

A
  • Limp

- Antalgic gait (avoiding pain)

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18
Q

Describe the Trendelenburg test

A
  • Stand on 1 leg for 30 seconds

- Assess for pelvic tilt

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19
Q

What is normal pelvic tilt

A

Non-weight bearing side should be higher

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20
Q

Pelvic tilt may be due to…

A
  • Hip pain

- Abductor weakness - gluteals

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21
Q

Reasons for abductor weakness - hip

A
  • Nerve paralysis

- Muscle wasting

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22
Q

Things to FEEL for on a hip exam

A
  • Femoral head

- Greater trochanter

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23
Q

Pain at the greater trochanter may suggest…

A

Trochanteric bursitis

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24
Q

Muscles in hip FLEXION and DEGREE

A
  • Iliopsos
  • Sartorius
  • Pectineus
  • Rectus femoris

110-120

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25
Q

Muscles in hip EXTERNAL ROTATION and DEGREE

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Obturator externus
  • Piriformis

45

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26
Q

Muscles in hip INTERNAL ROTATION and DEGREE

A
  • Abductor longus
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus

45

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27
Q

Muscles in hip ABDUCTION and DEGREE

A
  • Gluteus medius

- Gluteus minimus

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28
Q

What must one do when testing hip abduction

A
  • Stabilise ASIS
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29
Q

Muscles in hip ABDUCTION and DEGREE

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus

45

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30
Q

Muscles in hip EXTENSION and DEGREE

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Bicep femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus

30

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31
Q

What one must do when testing hip extension

A
  • Patient needs to lay prone

- Stabilise sacroiliac joint

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32
Q

Landmarks - True leg length discrepancy

A

ASIS to medial malleolus

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33
Q

Landmarks - Apparent leg length discrepancy

A

Umbilicus to medical malleolus

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34
Q

True length discrepancy

A
  • Hip problem on shorter side
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35
Q

Apparent length discrepancy

A
  • Pelvic tilt
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36
Q

Muscles shoulder ADDUCTION and DEGREE

A
  • Pec major
  • Lat dorsi

50

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37
Q

2 things to look out for in a knee exam when the patient is standing

A
  • Varus (bowlegged)

- Valgus (knock-kneed)

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38
Q

Important place to check on knee inspection

A

popliteal fossa

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39
Q

5 FEEL tests for a knee exam

A
  • Temperature
  • Palpate
  • Patella tap
  • Bulge sign
  • Patella movement
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40
Q

Things to palpate for on knee exam

A
  • Medial and lateral joint line
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Origins and insertions of collateral ligaments
  • Quadricep and patella tendons
  • Popliteal fossa
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41
Q

Patella tap - sign and meaning

A
  • Click

- Effusion (large)

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42
Q

Bulge sign - what is seen when abnormal

A

Fluid wave in medial joint

43
Q

What does a positive bulge test mean

A

Small effusion

44
Q

Muscles in knee FLEXION and DEGREE

A
  • Bicep femoris
  • Semitendinosis
  • Semimembranosus
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus

135

45
Q

Muscles in knee EXTENSION and DEGREE

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Vastus lateralis

5

46
Q

Position to test knee extension

A

Supine - straight leg pushed into bed

47
Q

2 positions collateral ligaments are tested in

A
  • Full extension

- 30 degrees felxed

48
Q

2 components of collateral ligaments test

A
  • Varus stress test

- Valgus stress test

49
Q

What does varus stress test assess

A

Lateral collateral ligament

50
Q

What does valgus stress test assess

A

Medial collateral ligament

51
Q

What does the Lachman’s test assess

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

52
Q

At what angle is the knee held at for the Lachman’s test

A

20 degrees

53
Q

In the anterior and posterior drawer test - what movement is considered abnormal

A

5-10 degrees

54
Q

What does the McMurray’s test assess

A

Meniscal intergrity

55
Q

Describe McMurray test for medial meniscal ligament

A
  • Varus force

- Externally rotated tibia

56
Q

Describe McMurray test for medical lateral meniscal ligament

A
  • Vagus force

- Internally rotated tibia

57
Q

Pain with a McMurray test suggests….

A

Torn menisci

58
Q

What does Apley’’s grinding test assess

A

Meniscal integrity

59
Q

Describe the Apley’s grinding test

A
  • Patient lies on stomach with knee flexed 90 degrees

- Press down with force - rotating tibia internally and externally

60
Q

Pain with an Apley’s grinding test suggests….

A

Torn menisci

61
Q

Unique thing to inspect for on a cervical spine exam

A
  • Lordotic (vs kyphotic) neck
  • Shoulder height
  • Head tilt
62
Q

Things to FEEL for on a cervical spine exam

A
  • C1 just below occipital
  • Thumbs palpate spinous processes C2-C7
  • Facet joints
  • Paravertebral soft tissue
63
Q

Position of patient in cervical spine exam

A
  • Lies prone

- Hands under forehead and pillow under chest

64
Q

Things to look for in FEEL - cervical spine

A
  • Tenderness
  • Midline spinous processes
  • Muscle spasm
65
Q

DEGREE of movement - FLEXION cervical spine

A

80

66
Q

DEGREE of movement - EXTENSION cervical spine

A

50

67
Q

DEGREE of movement - LATERAL FLEXION cervical spine

A

45

68
Q

DEGREE of movement - LATERAL ROTATION cervical spine

A

80

69
Q

Thoracic spine should be in what position naturally

A

Kyphotic

70
Q

Lumbar spine should be in what position naturally

A

Lordotic

71
Q

Lumbar spine FEEL should be conducted in what position

A
  • PRONE
  • Hands under forehead
  • Pillow under chest
72
Q

Things to FEEL for on a lumbar spine exam

A
  • Top of iliac crests - midline to L4-5
  • S2 = opposite sacroiliac joints/dimples
  • Palpate up = spinous processes, more lateral for facet joints and paravertebral muscles
  • Palpate sacroiliac joints
73
Q

In what position are movement tests conducted in during a lumbar spine exam

A

Standing

74
Q

FLEXION lumbar spine

A

Lean forward - hands to knees or floor

75
Q

EXTENSION lumbar spine

A

20-30 degrees

76
Q

LATERAL FLEXION lumbar spine

A
  • Slide hands down thighs

- 30 degrees

77
Q

What does Schober’s test assess

A

Spinal flexion

78
Q

Describe Schober’s test

A
  • Mark points 10 cm above and 5 cm below iliac crests
  • Hold tape at 10 cm mark - make 0
  • Lean forward
  • > 20cm
79
Q

Describe the Slump test

A
  • Chin on chest
  • Straighten both affected and non-affected leg
  • Repeat with dorsiflexion
  • Repeat with neck extension
80
Q

Slump test - pain persists on neck extension

A

Hamstring pain

81
Q

Slump test - pain relieved on neck extension

A

Pain from disc tethering

82
Q

Describe the Straight Leg Raising Test

A
  • Passively raise leg 80-90 degrees

- Dorsiflex foot

83
Q

Pain radiates down leg - Straight leg raising test

A

Positive test

84
Q

Dorsiflexion accentuates pain on straight leg raising test - special name

A

Lasegue’s test

85
Q

Pain <60 degrees - straight leg raising test

A

Positive test

86
Q

Pain >60 degrees - straight leg raising test

A

Secondary to hamstring tightness

87
Q

Thoracic spine should be in what position naturally

A

Kyphotic

88
Q

Lumbar spine should be in what position naturally

A

Lordotic

89
Q

Lumbar spine FEEL should be conducted in what position

A
  • PRONE
  • Hands under forehead
  • Pillow under chest
90
Q

Things to FEEL for on a lumbar spine exam

A
  • Top of iliac crests - midline to L4-5
  • S2 = opposite sacroiliac joints/dimples
  • Palpate up = spinous processes, more lateral for facet joints and paravertebral muscles
  • Palpate sacroiliac joints
91
Q

In what position are movement tests conducted in during a lumbar spine exam

A

Standing

92
Q

FLEXION lumbar spine

A

Lean forward - hands to knees or floor

93
Q

EXTENSION lumbar spine

A

20-30 degrees

94
Q

LATERAL FLEXION lumbar spine

A
  • Slide hands down thighs

- 30 degrees

95
Q

What does Schober’s test assess

A

Spinal flexion

96
Q

Describe Schober’s test

A
  • Mark points 10 cm above and 5 cm below iliac crests
  • Hold tape at 10 cm mark - make 0
  • Lean forward
  • > 20cm
97
Q

Describe the Slump test

A
  • Chin on chest
  • Straighten both affected and non-affected leg
  • Repeat with dorsiflexion
  • Repeat with neck extension
98
Q

Slump test - pain persists on neck extension

A

Hamstring pain

99
Q

Slump test - pain relieved on neck extension

A

Pain from disc tethering

100
Q

Describe the Straight Leg Raising Test

A
  • Passively raise leg 80-90 degrees

- Dorsiflex foot

101
Q

Pain radiates down leg - Straight leg raising test

A

Positive test

102
Q

Dorsiflexion accentuates pain on straight leg raising test - special name

A

Lasegue’s test

103
Q

Pain <60 degrees - straight leg raising test

A

Positive test

104
Q

Pain >60 degrees - straight leg raising test

A

Secondary to hamstring tightness

Clinical Skills (1 decks)

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