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NPTE > MSK Examination > Flashcards

MSK Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder Joint ROM: flexion // extension // abduction // internal rotation // external rotation

A

flexion 0-180 // extension 0-60 // abduction 0-180 // internal rotation 0-90 // external rotation 0-90

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2
Q

Elbow Joint ROM: flexion // extension

A

flexion 0-150 // extension 0

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3
Q

Forearm Joint ROM: pronation // supination

A

pronation 0-80 // supination 0-80

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4
Q

Wrist Joint ROM: flexion // extension // radial deviation // ulnar deviation

A

flexion 0-80 // extension 0-70 // radial deviation 0-20 // ulnar deviation 0-30

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5
Q

Hip Joint ROM: flexion // extension // abduction // adduction // internal rotation // external rotation

A

flexion 0-120 // extension 0-30 // abduction 0-45 // adduction 0-30 // internal rotation 0-45 // external rotation 0-45

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6
Q

Knee Joint ROM: flexion // extension

A

flexion 0-135 // extension 0

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7
Q

Subtalar Joint ROM: inversion // eversion

A

inversion 0-5 // eversion 0-5

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8
Q

Ankle Joint ROM: dorsiflexion // plantar flexion // inversion // eversion

A

dorsiflexion 0-20 // plantar flexion 0-50 // inversion 0-35 // eversion 0-15

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9
Q

Describe a 1/5 MMT (gravity, ROM, resistance)

A

Gravity: none
ROM: contraction only
Resistance: none

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10
Q

Describe a 2/5 MMT (gravity, ROM, resistance)

A

Gravity: none
ROM: full
Resistance: none

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11
Q

Describe a 3/5 MMT (gravity, ROM, resistance)

A

Gravity: against
ROM: full
Resistance: none

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12
Q

Describe a 4/5 MMT (gravity, ROM, resistance)

A

Gravity: against
ROM: full
Resistance: moderate

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13
Q

Describe a 5/5 MMT (gravity, ROM, resistance)

A

Gravity: against
ROM: full
Resistance: max

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14
Q

GH Joint Open vs Closed Packed positions

A

55-70 abduction, 30 horizontal adduction, neutral rotation

vs

maximal abduction and external rotation

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15
Q

Humeroulnar Joint Open vs Closed Packed positions

A

70 flexion, 10 supination

vs

full extension and supination

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16
Q

Humeroradial Joint Open vs Closed Packed positions

A

full extension and supination

vs

90 flexion, 5 supination

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17
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint Open vs Closed Packed positions

A

70 flexion, 35 supination

vs

5 supination, full extension

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18
Q

Distal Radioulnar Joint Open vs Closed Packed positions

A

10 supination

vs

5 supination

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19
Q

Radiocarpal Joint Open vs Closed Packed positions

A

neutral

vs

full extension, radial deviation

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20
Q

Vertebral Joint Open vs Closed Packed positions

A

midway between flexion and extension

vs

maximal extension

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21
Q

Hip Joint Open vs Closed Packed positions

A

30 flexion, 30 abduction, slight ER

vs

ligamentous: full extension, abduction, IR
bony: 90 flexion, slight sbduction, slight ER

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22
Q

Knee Joint Open vs Closed Packed positions

A

25 flexion
(take stress of MCL and hamstrings during Lachman’s test)

vs

full extension, external rotation

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23
Q

Talocrural Joint Open vs Closed Packed positions

A

10 plantarflexion

vs

full dorsiflexion

24
Q

Scapulohumeral rhythm

ratio:
total GH vs just scapulothoracic:

A

first 30-60 elevation is GH, then 2:1 ratio

total = 120 GH + 60 scapulothoracic

25
Q

to improve GH ER which glide would you do?

what about on someone with adhesive capsulitis?

A

anterior;

posterior

26
Q

upward rotators of the scapula:

A

upper traps.

lower traps. serratus anterior.,

27
Q

downward rotators of the scapula:

A

levator scapulae.
pectoralis minor.
rhomboids.

28
Q

O’Brien Active Compression Test

patient position?
testing what?
+

A

patient position: standing, begin with 90 flexion + max IR then repeat with max ER

SLAP tear, labral issue

(+) if pain or painful clicking during IR and no pain during ER

29
Q

Speed’s Test

patient position?
testing what?
+

A

upright, 90 flexion with elbow fully extended and forearm supinated; examiner pushes towards extension

superior labral tear or bicipital tendinitis

(+) pain or tenderness in the bicipital groove

30
Q

Yergason’s

patient position?
testing what?
+

A

sitting, with a flexed elbow patient supinates against resistance which turns on the biceps

mostly bicipital tendinitis or torn transverse ligament

(+) tenderness in bicipital groove

31
Q

Crank Test

patient position?
testing what?
+

A

supine, arm elevated to 160, max ER or IR; examiner provides axial load to the humerus

used for labral instability

(+) painful click reproduction

32
Q

Clunk Test

patient position?
testing what?
+

A

supine, abduction with anterior glide on humerus

feeling for surface defect in labrum

(+) painful clunk

33
Q

Name some special tests to check the labrum?

A
  • O’Brien (SLAP)
  • Speeds (superior labrum/ biceps)
  • Yergasons (transverse ligament/biceps)
  • Crank (using axial load to check for labral instability/clicking)
  • Clunk ( using anterior glide to detect labrum deficiencies/clicking)
  • Biceps Load Tests at 90* and 120* abduction while in supine; loading biceps in max ER
34
Q

Impingement Tests?

A

Hawkins Kennedy: chicken wing chicken wing checking for impingement

Neer: full shoulder flexion; overuse of supreaspinatus or biceps tendon

Painful Arc: impingement in the middle of the arc; AC joint at the top of the arc

35
Q

Supraspinatus special test where patient is abducted in full IR

A

Empty Can/Jobe

pain severity reflects injury severity (indirect relationshp- completely torn isn’t painful)

36
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Tests (3)

A

Adson: head towards arm extended; see if pulse disappears

Roos: chicken dance for 3 min; see if can keep arms in starting position or familiar sxs occur

Allen: football player position away; pulse disappears

Goal: checking for thoracic outlet syndrome secondary to neurovascular compromise

37
Q

Ely’s Test used for:

A

Hip flexion contracture; in supine flex the patient’s knee and see if hip starts to come off the table

38
Q

Ober’s Test used for:

A

IT band tightness; done in sidelying with hip extended

39
Q

Thomas Test used for:

A

hip flexor tightness tested in supine; after you perform check the knee to see if a ROM restriction at the knee

40
Q

Lachman Test used for

A

ACL/posterior oblique ligament/ arcuate popliteus complex injury; knee flexed to ~20-30* applying anterior translation force to tibia in order to stress ACL

41
Q

Lachman tests ACL better anatomically. Why?

A

because due to patient positioning you can limit the joint capsule, MCL, and hamstrings. All of which could give a false negative, providing a firm end feel.

42
Q

Anterior Drawer psychometric properties

A

good specificity; not good sensitivity
(if it’s positive we can rule in, but if it’s negative we can’t confidently rule out)

knee is flexed higher and you sit on the patient’s foot to stabilize

43
Q

Pivot Shift tests what?

A

ACL stability; supine medial knee rotation while examiner flexes and extends the knee;

tibia subluxed then relocates

44
Q

McMurray’s tests what?

A

meniscal tear; in supine flex knee/hip + bias meniscus based on IR/ER

(+) clicking/pain

45
Q

During McMurray’s test: medial rotation is for ______ meniscus.

And vice versa.

A

lateral meniscus

46
Q

SPINE ROM
Cervical
flex/ext, sidebending, rotation

A

80-90/70

20-45

70-90

47
Q

SPINE ROM
Thoracic
flex/ext, sidebending, rotation

A

20-45/25-45

20-40

35-50

48
Q

SPINE ROM
Lumbar
flex/ext, sidebending, rotation

A

40-60/20-35

15-20

3-18

49
Q

Foraminal Compression.

what’s being treated?

patient position?

(+) finding?

A

cervical radiculitis

sitting

pain radiates in arm in direction head is side-flexed during compression

50
Q

Distraction Test.

what’s being treated?

patient position?

(+) finding?

A

nerve root compression

sitting

decreased familiar sxs with head lifted

51
Q

Shoulder Abduction Test.

what’s being treated?

patient position?

(+) finding?

A

cervical extradural compression

sitting or supine

decreased/relief of sxs

52
Q

Valsava Test.

what’s being treated?

patient position?

(+) finding?

A

increased spinal cord pressure

sitting

increased pain

53
Q

Vertebral Artery Test.

what’s being treated?

patient position?

(+) finding?

A

vertebrobasilar artery problem

supine

sxs when opposite artery is affected; dizzy/visual disturbances/disorientation

54
Q

Vertebral Artery Test.

what’s being treated?

patient position?

(+) finding?

A

vertebrobasilar artery problem

supine, full extension and rotation of the neck

sxs when opposite artery is affected; dizzy/visual disturbances/disorientation

5D’s 3 N’s
dizzy drop attack dysphagia dysarthria diplopia

nystagmus numbness nausea

55
Q

What’s the theory behind how TENS works to block pain?

A

Gate Control Theory

non noxious stimulus “noise”
goes up spinal cord to brain, blocks pain signals like a soccer goalie

gives an opportunity for muscles that are guarding to relax as well

usually pre-mod setting to prevent desensitization/ “getting used to it”

NPTE (3 decks)

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