Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > MSK Exam 1 > Flashcards

MSK Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The patient enters the rooom for the first time. What should the initial eval go like?

A

We should have some hypotheses about what is going on
Ask open-ended questions.
summarize what is going on at the end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are we concerned about in terms of social habits?

A

smoking
drinking
activity levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

constant and severe pain at night: cause?

A

possible neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

unexplained weight loss: cause?

A

neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

loss of appetite: cause?

A

neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

unusual fatigue: cause?

A

neoplasm or thyroid dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

blurred or loss of vision: cause?

A

neoplasm or neurological issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

frequent or severe headaches: cause?

A

neoplasm or neurological dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

persistent nerve root pain: cause?

A

neoplasm or neurological dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

radicular pain with coughing: cause?

A

neoplasm or neurological dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

increased arm pain with increased cardio demand: cause?

A

cardiovascular condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

paralysis: cause?

A

neoplasm or neurological problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

trunk and limb parasthesia: cause?

A

neoplasm or neurological dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bilateral nerve root signs and symptoms: cause?

A

neoplasm or neurological dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

difficulty with balance/ coordination: cause?

A

neoplasm or neurological dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fever or night sweats: cause?

A

systemic infection or disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

frequent nausea and vomiting: cause?

A

common in many disease, particularly GI system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

dizziness: cause?

A

upper cervical impairment
CNS involvement
cardiovascular dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

shortness of breath: cause?

A

cardiovascular dysfunction
pulmonary dysfunction or asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

shortness of breath: cause?

A

cardiovascular dysfunction
pulmonary dysfunction or asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

quadrilateral parasthesia

A

spinal cord compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the general outcome measures?

A

Numerical Pain Rating Scale (0 - 10)
Patient Specific Functional Scale (0 - 10) 5 functional tasks
Global Rating of Change (11 - point scale)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the general upper extremity outcome measures?

A

Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (30 items, 0 - 100, high score greater disability)
Quick Dash (11 items, 0 - 100, high score, greater disability)
Shoulder Pain and Disability Index - SPADI (13 items, 0 - 10 scale, 0 - 100 score range, high score greater disability)
Penn Shoulder Score (PSS - scores range 0 - 100, low pain, high satisfaction, and high functions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the Components of Evaluation?

A

Review Pt chart
Pt history
Systems Review
Observations/ Postural Assessment
Upper Quarter Screen
MMT
ROM
Joint Mobility
Palpation
Special Tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What should be done after every patient history to ensure they are safe to exercise?

A

cardiovascular
cognition
neurological
musculoskeletal
integument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are we looking to do what during a screening examination?

A

Change their symptoms/their pain
reproduce/reduce their symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the components of an upper quarter screen?

A

AROM with and without overpressure
symmetry
quality of movement
willingness to move
pain
end feel
scapulohumeral rhythm with arm elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the components of a neurological exam during the upper quarter screen?

A

dermatomes
myotomes
reflexes
pathological reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are muscles prone to tightness?

A

Upper trapezius
Levator scapulae
Pectoralis major and minor
upper cervical extensors
SCM
Teres major
subscapularis

30
Q

What are muscles prone to inactivity or lengthening?

A

lower and middle trapezius
rhomboids
serratus anterior
deep neck flexors
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

31
Q

What can cause rotator cuff pathologies?

A

compression
tensile load
traumatic tear
degenerative tear

32
Q

tendonitis vs tendinosis:

A

tendonitis: inflammatory state of the tendon
tendinosis: intratendon degeneration often due to repeated microtrauma

33
Q

what contributes to tendonitis/ tendinosis?

A

tissue abnormalities
anatomic abnormality of acromion
bursitis
calcific bone spur
tendon thickening
OTHER: altered scapulothoracic kinematic + posture

34
Q

What are symptoms of tendinitis/tendinosis?

A

dull ache of the lateral upper/ lower arm
reaching away from the body - painful
over shoulder level activities - painful

35
Q

What is subacromial impingement?

A

excessive superior translation of the humeral head with elevation.

36
Q

What is the difference between subacromial (outlet) impingment and posterior internal (non - outlet) impingement?

A

with subacromial impingement,there is an abrasion of the soft tissue structures between the humeral head and the shoulder roof. With posterior internal, the subacromial space appears to be expected and there is an impingement of the rotator cuff muscles against the posterior superior glenoid labrum and humeral head.

37
Q

What contributes to subacromial impingement?

A

the shape of the acromion
calcific bone spur
tendon thickening

38
Q

what are common soft tissues that can be involved with subacromial impingement?

A

supraspinatus primarily
long head of biceps
subacromial bursa

39
Q

What special tests can detect shoulder impingement?

A

Hawkins - Kennedy Test
Neers Test
Empty Can
Painful Arc
Cross Body Adduction Test
Scapular Assistance Test
Scapular Repositioning Test

40
Q

Degenerative RCT can occur secondary to:

A

sarcopenia
postural changes
balance changes

41
Q

During a physical examination with rotator cuff tears, what will we find?

A

We will find similar findings to rotator cuff tendonitis/tendinopathy.
Weakness
compensation with scapular when attempting UE elevation
Pain w trying to sleep common
pain in lateral upper arm

42
Q

special tests for a rotator cuff pathology include:

A

drop arm tests
external rotation lag sign
infraspinatus muscle test
hornblower sign
internal rotation lag sign
belly press
lift off
empty can

43
Q

Snapping Scapula is associated with:

A

pain at the superomedial angle of the scapula
painful scapulothoracic motions
crepitus with motion of the scapula

44
Q

what are causes of snapping scapula?

A

inflammation of the bursa between scapula and thorax
prominence of the superomedial angle of the scapula
muscle imbalance of the scapular rotators
LESS COMMON CAUSES:
- rib fracture
- benign excess growth of bone growth on the scapula
- Sprengel’s deformity

45
Q

When do we typically see scapular dyskinesia patients?

A

After it has impacted function or has led to a different injury like shoulder impingement or rotator cuff tendonitis.

46
Q

What motions are diminished with scapular dyskinesia?

A

posterior tilting
upward rotation
clavicle retraction

47
Q

What motion is excessive with scapular dyskinesia?

A

clavicular rotation

48
Q

When is winging or dysrhythmia observed with scapular dyskinesia?

A

best observed when pt lifts 3 - 5# weight overhead for 5 repetitions.

49
Q

What tight muscles contribute to scapular dyskinesia?

A

pectoralis minor
posterior shoulder capsule
levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, GH external rotators

50
Q

What is the symptoms of posterior instability?

A

symptoms of instability w shoulder in flexed/ abduction (pushing the door open)
pain
guarding

51
Q

If someone has posterior instability, what will you see in the physical examination?

A

observable prominence posterior shoulder if currently dislocated
limited/ painful shoulder AROM (IR, elevation)
hypermobile posterior capsule, pain, apprehensive

52
Q

What is the special test for posterior instability?

A

The jerk test

53
Q

What are the symptoms of inferior instability?

A

pain
guarding
carrying items with weight to them

54
Q

What should I find in the physical examination of someone with inferior instability?

A

shoulder locked in abducted position if currently dislocated
sulcus if currently dislocated
hypermobile inferior, pain, apprehension

55
Q

what is the special test for inferior instability?

A

Sulcus sign

56
Q

What is the most common direction of shoulder instability?

A

anterior instability

57
Q

What is the common MOI of anterior instability?

A

abduction, ER, extension

58
Q

What should you see in the physical examination of someone with anterior instability?

A

Observed self - immobilization by the patient (slightly abducted/ externally rotated
spasm/ guarding
possible hypomobility of posterior GH joint

59
Q

What are special tests for anterior instability?

A

anterior apprehension test
relocation test

60
Q

What are complications of an anterior dislocation?

A

Hills - Sachs Lesion
Axillary nerve injury
Bankart Lesion
SLAP tear

61
Q

What is a Bankart lesion?

A

tear of anterior inferior labrum

62
Q

How will a bankart lesion present?

A

Clicking/clunking/popping/locking
deep shoulder pain
hx of trauma
recurrent subluxations

63
Q

What is the special tests for a bankart lesion?

A

anterior apprehension and relocation test

64
Q

Benign hypermobility syndrome is represented by:

A

4 or greater than 5 on the Beighton scale

65
Q

What is AMBRI vs TUBS?

A

AMBRI: atraumatic multidirectional bilateral for rehabilitation and possibly inferior capsular shift energy
TUBS: Traumatic Unilateral Bankart needing/ responding to Surgery

66
Q

Who is likely to suffer from microtrauma to the labrum?

A

overhead athletes

67
Q

Why are labral tears difficult to diagnose?

A

They often present similarly to rotator cuff pathology or instability.

68
Q

How will a labral tear present?

A

pain in anteriolateral arm
aggravation w overhead
IR ROM limitation due to pain
locking/ clicking/ popping
tenderness of anterior shoulder

69
Q

What are the special tests for labral tears?

A

O’Brien’s Test
Yergason Test
Speed Test
Compression - Rotation (Grind) Test
Biceps Load II Test

70
Q

How will a sternoclavicular joint injury look?

A

Deformity
Local tenderness
pain with shoulder motion primarily at end range

MSK (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions