MSK Disorders Flashcards
Osteomyelitis, Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Arthroplasty etc...
What is the infection of bone caused by ,most common organism, Staphylococcus aureus.
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation occurs, followed by ischemia, bone tissue becomes necrotic - often resulting in bone abscess.
Etiology of Osteomyelitis
S/S of Osteomyelitis are…?
ACUTE- less than 4 weeks, Fever, Inflammation (redness, heat, swelling & pain)
CHRONIC- more than 4 weeks, Ulceration, Drainage, Localized Pain
What are the Diagnostic Testing for Osteomyelitis?
- Blood test for Leukocytosis (increased WBC’s)
- Elevated ESR ( Inflammation marker)
- Bone Biopsy for infection
- Blood Culture
- MRI, X-ray, CT scan
What is the Nursing Care for Osteomyelitis?
- Long term antibiotics
- Sterile Dressing Changes
- Hand Hygiene
- Pain Management
- Pain Control (bone pain)
- May result in amputation
… infection in one part of the body may migrate into another bone in the body
Metabolic bone disorder with bone density loss, resulting in fragile bones which are more likely to fracture.
OSTEOPOROSIS
What is the Etiology of Osteoporosis?
• Peak bone density is reached @ 30-35yrs old. After peak yrs, bone breakdown exceeds the rate of bone build up, resulting in irreversible bone loss that increase with age.
What common cause results in bone loss in women?
In postmenopausal women, the absence of estrogen appears to slow down the absorption of calcium, resulting in bone loss
- Is the most common & is not associated with another disease
PRIMARY
- Results from an associated medical condition or procedure
SECONDARY
Risk factors for Osteoporosis have both non-modifiable & modifiable risk factors……what are the non-modifiable risk factors??
- Gender ( female) • Aging. • Caucasian/Asian
- Petite (small/ short) body build
- Postmenopausal status. • Low testosterone
- History of/ Family History of Osteoporosis or Fractures.
Risk factors for Osteoporosis have both non-modifiable & modifiable risk factors……what are the modifiable risk factors???
- Smoking. • Excessive Alcohol use.
- Anorexia nervosa • Nutrition. • Low Ca+ and Vit D.
- Excessive Caffeine, protein or sodium consumption
- Sedentary lifestyle (not exercising enough/ constantly sitting)
How to prevent Osteoporosis?
Adequate Ca+ & vit D, weight bearing exercises, muscle- strengthening exercises, advoid alcohol and smocking.
S/S of Osteoporosis?
- Often undetected until a fracture occurs. • pain
- decrease in hight • Spinal Deformities.
- ADL’s may become limited. •
What Diagnosis Testing are use to detect Osteoporosis?
- DEXA (bone density test). • X-ray
- Calcium & Vit D may be decreased.
- Increased🔺 Phosphorus
- APL may be elevated w/ severe bone loss.
What treatments are used with Osteoporosis?
Control risk factors to prevent bone loss
Supplements
Antiresorptive medications
Anabolic meds
Diet change
Exercise
Fall prevention
What nursing care INTERVENTIONS are pit in place for OSTEOPOROSIS?
Education on risk factors, pain reliefs & medication teaching. Increase fluids with meds.fall prevention (free of clutter on the floor ex: throw rugs, use non skid socks or shoes, using assistant devices.
Metabolic bone disease, increased breakdown and formation of bone, results in abnormally formed- weak bones causing deformities (punched out areas of bones),pain fractures and osteoarthritis.
PAGAT’S DISEASE
Etiology of pagat’s disease ?
- Mainly effects men
- X-rays shows punched out areas, bone scan shows how widespread it is , increased ALP due to Osteoblasts activity
- PAIN IS THE MAJOR SYMPTOM, #1 ISSUE SEVERE PAIN
Treatments for pagat’s disease?
NO CURE, but NSAID’s , bisphosphonates reduce bone resorption, calcitonin decrease bone loss
Encourage exercise as tolerated, joint replacement may be recommend.
Nursing care for pagat’s disease?
Provide pain relief, supportive system care, and education and teaching.
Systemic connective tissue disorder from the build-up of uric acid, more common in males. Uric acid is the waste product resulting from the breakdown of proteins (PURINES).
GOUT
Etiology of gout?
Urate crystals are formed and deposited in the joints causing severe inflammation.(mainly BIG TOE).
Urate deposits can develop in the urinary system causing renal calculi (kidney stones) and under the skin cause tophi.
What are the acute and chronic S/S of Gout?
Acute gout- one or more severely inflamed joints, attack usually being in the great toe, joint is edematois, red, hot, and extremely painfully.
Chronic gout- may not be obvious symptoms, renal stones may develop.