MSK development Flashcards
bone formation happens though —- or —– ossification? which is more common
endochondral or intramembranous
endochontral
endochondral includes all bones EXCEPT
clavicle, mandible, and skull
Primary ossification centers
epiphyses - distal ends of bone
diaphysis - body of bone
Secondary Ossification Centers timeline
occurs in childhood
usually ossifies by age 20
appear in epiphyses ( except femur and tibia which where there at birth)
as fetus grows this type of force becomes more impactful?
3 examples
mechanical
1. breech positioning associated with torticollis and hip dysplasia
2. Uterine crowding can result in club foot and abnormal facies
3. Decreased joint movement can result in fragile, misshapen bones
Modeling definition
process that shapes bone
wolfs law
bone is shaped in response to the mechanical forces placed on it
Longitudinal loading
parallel to the direction of growth, results in either compression or tension
If Longitudinal loading is applied —- with appropriate force it will result in — —-
intermittently
stimulate growth
Hueter-Volkmann Principle
tension on growth plates = increased growth
compression = decreased growth
Flexure drift
move the bone surface in the direction of the concavity to straighten the bone
child LOSES genu varum
shearing forces could lead to —– and could result in —–
torsion or twisting changes
genu varum, genu valgum, scoliosis
biomechanical position in newborn
femoral / tibial torsion
anteversion
bowing
coxa valga
genu varum
calcaneal varus
neonatal contractures
- kyphotic spine
- excessive ABD
- coxa valga
- ER > IR
neonatal foot is —- but may have —- limitation
flexible
PF limitation
foot should —– lateral border
if not —– condition
straight lateral border
lateral border is a “C” – metatarsus adductus
