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MSK ConditionsFinal Flashcards

1
Q

laminectomy

A

spinal decompression; lamina removed; conservative treatment tried first

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2
Q

discectomy

A

removed portion of IVD; effective for treating radiating pain; microdisectomy =less invasive procedure

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3
Q

artificial disc replacement

A

maintains mobility in vertebral articulation ; alternative to fusion

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4
Q

ACDF 9anterior cervical disectomy and fusion

A

none gradt inserted; fusion complete 3-6 mionths post procedure

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5
Q

spinal fusion

A

PSIF,PLIF,TLIF,ALIF,XLIF

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6
Q

LSO

A

lumbrasacral orthotic covers lumbar and sacrum

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7
Q

TLSO

A

thoracic -lumbo-sacral orthotic

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8
Q

CTLSO

A

cervical -thoraic-lumbar-sacral orthtoic

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9
Q

CTO

A

cervical thoracic orhtotic

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10
Q

Femoral neck hip fracture

A

intracapsular, sub capital, spontaneous fx

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11
Q

Symptoms of DVT

A

swelling in lower extremities, localized redness and low grade fever

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12
Q

UE clavicle fx

A

FOOSH and shoulder, occurs at shaft; infants passge thru birth canal

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13
Q

humeral fx

A

radial nerve injury present in about 18%

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14
Q

proximal humeral fx

A

occurs close to shoulder joints;immoblization

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15
Q

shaft humeral fx

A

localized at mid portion of humerus surgical versus non-surgical treatment dependent on fx pattern- sarimento brace

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16
Q

supracondylar fx

A

distal end, just above lateral/medial condyles

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17
Q

ELBOW FX

A

most common type of upper arm injury in children: fall on outstretched hand (FOOSH)
High risk for complication: malunion; compartment syndrome (Volkmann’s deformity)

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18
Q

RADILA HEAD FX

A

more frequent in women ;Symptoms: pain on the exterior of the elbow, swelling, difficulty flexing/extending, inability or difficulty to supinate/pronate

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19
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow; inflammation to tendons at lateral epicondyle; overuse and muscle strain injury;sypmtoms radiating pain, lateral forearm -wrist

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20
Q

most common affected muscle for lateral epi

A

extensor capri radialis brevis

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21
Q

medial epi

A

golfers elbow;inflammation of tendons on median epicondyle; Characterized by pain from elbow to wrist along the medial aspect of the forearm

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22
Q

primarily impacted muscle of medial epi

A

pronator teres , flexor capri ulnaris

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23
Q

rotator cuff tendonitis

A

Commonly co-occurring with subacromial bursitis
Symptoms: pain (when lifting and lowering your arm/resting and sleeping), weakness (felt when lifting), crepitus
Diagnosis: XR (changes to bone); MRI (definitive dx)
Treatment: cease ax above shoulder level, NSAIDs, HEP

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24
Q

rotator cuff tear

A

Partial thickness: incomplete, damaged tendon
Full thickness: complete, separated from bone
Injury versus degenerative
Treatment – surgical: continued main indicator, reattach tendon to bone, arthroscopic or open, recovery time varies: 6 to 9 months on average

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25
SLAP labral tear
superior labrum anterior adn posterior usually involves biceps tendon
26
bankart lesion
Glenoid labrum tear: injury to the anterior (and often inferior) labrum specifically Anterior shoulder dislocations most likely to cause Symptoms: shoulder pain (lower front), instability, limited ROM, grinding/popping sensation with movement
27
stages of adhesive capsulitis
1. freezing stage (2-9months) 2. frozen stage (4-12) 3. thawing phase(15-24 months)
28
freezing stage of adhesive capsulitis
the pain will gradually worsen and also biome more limited in its ROM
29
Frozen stage (4 to 12 months):
the pain slowly recedes but your shoulder’s ROM remains limited
30
Thawing phase (15 to 24 months):
a slow return to form as your shoulder’s ROM is restored over time
31
DeQuervains Tenosynovitis
Tendinitis APL & EPB: first dorsal compartment of wrist
32
DeQ Symptoms
Pain and swelling along the radial aspect of wrist/forearm: worsens with thumb abduction or extension, wrist ulnar deviation, grasping hand; fluid-filled cyst “Catching” sensation with movement of the thumb Weakened grip
33
Tests for DeQ
Finkelsteins adn Eischoffs
34
flexor zones II
Zone II flexor tendon injury = poor prognosis for repair; “no man’s land”
35
flexor pulley injury
Flexor tendon pulley system: maintains flexor tendons close to the joint’s axis of motion (FDS, FDP) Prevents bowstringing
36
Flexor PUlley injury contains
Contains: palmar aponeurosis, annular pulleys (A1 - A5), cruciate pulleys (C1 - C3) A1, A3, A5 = located at the joints A2, A4 = centered on phalanx ** A2 and A4 pulleys will result in bow stringing
37
Flexor pulley injury
Causes: excessive force/trauma – rock climbing injury (A2); degenerative conditions (e.g. stenosing tenosynovitis – A1 pulley release) Symptoms: localized pain/tenderness, swelling, inflammation, bowstringing
38
mallet finger
Extensor tendon injury zones I and II “Baseball finger” Terminal tendon disruption: flexed DIP joint/inability to actively extend
39
Boutonniere deformity
Extensor tendon injury zones III and IV Flexion at PIP, hyperextension at DIP
40
causes of boutonneire
Causes: usually results of trauma: rupture of Pip central slip, laceration injury to the dorsal capsule; 2/2 burn injury; inflammatory arthritis/RA (50% develop)
41
injury to ulnar collateral ligament aka skiers thumb
May be associated with a small fracture at the site of ligament attachment Symptoms: pain, tenderness to palpation, swelling/// gamekeepers thumb
42
carpal tunnel syndrome
Compression of the median nerve through the carpal tunnel The most common UE nerve entrapment Gradually worsens over time – early intervention is key
43
ulnar neve entrapment (cubittal tunnel syndrome)
between the medial epicondyle and olecranon repeated or prolonged elbow flexion, arthritis, bone spurs, prior fx to area Symptoms: numbness and tingling in the ring & little finger, numbness and tingling at night, hand pain, weak grip, aching pain inside elbow
44
mallet finger
Extensor tendon injury zones I and II “Baseball finger” Terminal tendon disruption: flexed DIP joint/inability to actively extend
45
swan neck deformity
Hyperextension at PIP, flexion at DIP Causes: RA, untreated mallet finger, ligament laxity, chronic spasticity, ruptured tendon
46
boutonneire deformity
Flexion at PIP, hyperextension at DIP Extensor tendon injury zone III and IV Causes: usually results of trauma: rupture of PIP central slip, laceration injury to dorsal capsule
47
volkmans contracture
Deformity of hand, fingers, and wrist Caused by injury to muscles of forearm: lack of blood flow, results from compartment syndrome Commonly associated with supracondylar fx of humerus
48
claw-hand deformity
Hyperextension of MCP, flexion PIP and DIP Ulnar nerve entrapment: cubital tunnel, medial intermuscular septum, ulnar groove in epicondylar region, deep flexor pronator aponeurosis, Guyon’s canal (ulnar tunnel syndrome)
49
neuroma
bundle of nerve endings that forms in residual limb, becomes more sensitive
50
Full UE and shoulder amputation
forequarter
51
above elbow amputation
transhumeral
52
below elbow amputation
transracial
53
below wrist
trans metacarpal
54
across joints
disarticulation (wrist disarticulation
55
lower extremeity amputations (removal of full hip)
pelvic amputation (hemipelvectomy)
56
above knee amputation
transfemoral
57
below knee
transtibial
58
belwo ankle
trans metatarsal
59
across ankle
symes amputation
60

MSK (3 decks)

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