MSK Clinical Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Abduct
A
To draw away from the midline
2
Q
Adduct
A
To draw towards the midline
3
Q
-algia
A
suffix meaning painful
4
Q
anastomosis
A
Communication between two blood vessels without a capillary intermediary (e.g. artery to artery)
5
Q
ankylosis
A
Fusion of a joint as result of injury
6
Q
Antalgic gait
A
painful limp
7
Q
Aponeurosis
A
Thin, fibrous sheet of tissue forming a tendon
8
Q
Arthralgia
A
Pain in joint
9
Q
Arthritis
A
A disease causing painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints
10
Q
Arthrography
A
Radiography of a joint after injection of radio-opaque dye
11
Q
Arthroplasty
A
Surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint
12
Q
Arthrosis
A
Anatomical: any joint in the body
Pathological: Degenerative disease of a joint
13
Q
Aspiration
A
Removal of fluid from a cavity such as a joint
14
Q
Avascular
A
Absences of adequate blood supply
15
Q
Avulsion
A
Tearing away from attachment
16
Q
Axonotmesis
A
Anatomical division of axons with intact nerve sheath
17
Q
Bunion
A
Adventitious (unusual location) bursa situated over the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe
18
Q
Calcification
A
Deposition of calcium salts
19
Q
Callus
A
New bone formed around a fracture site
20
Q
Cavus
A
High arch deformity of foot usually with clawed toes
21
Q
Charcot joint
A
Painless destructive changes in a joint due to loss of sensation
22
Q
Claudication
A
Cramping pain induced by exercise, usually due to arterial insufficiency
23
Q
Club foot
A
Congenital deformity of ankle and foot (usually talipes equinovarus)
24
Q
Compartment
A
(Anatomy) A section/chamber of the limb which is contained by bone and fascia containing muscles, vessels etc.
25
Compartment syndrome
A condition, often caused by trauma, in which muscles in a compartment swell, occluding blood supply, causing ischaemia, pain etc.
26
Condyle
Bony projections at the end of a long bone
27
Congenital
Present at birth
28
Contracture
Deformity of a joint due to muscle and capsule shortening and fibrosis
29
Cortical bone
Thick outer portion of diaphysis (shaft)
30
Coxa
The hip joint
31
Crepitus
Crackling sound or feel of rough surfaces in apposition
32
Cubitus
Elbow
33
Debridement
Excision of foreign or devitalised tissue
34
Degenerative
Deterioration of quality of tissue
35
Dermatome
(Anatomy) Area of the skin supplied by a single spinal nerve e.g. C5
36
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone
37
Dislocation
Total disruption of a joint with no remaining contact between the articular surfaces
38
-dynia
Suffix meaning painful
39
dys-
Prefix meaning difficult, defective or painful
40
Dysfunction
Impairment of function
41
Effusion
Collection of fluid in a cavity such as a joint
42
Enthesis
Connective tissue between tendon or ligament and bone
43
Enthesitis
Inflammation of the enthesis e.g. in ankylosing spondylitis
44
Epiphysis
The separate ossified end of a growing long bone. Separated from shaft by a cartilaginous plate (growth/ epiphyseal plate)
45
Equinus
Plantar flexion posture of the ankle and hind foot
46
Fasciectomy
Excision of fascia such as Dupuytren's Contracture
47
Fascia
Band or sheath of connective tissue that is primarily collagen
48
Fibrillation
Softening and fissuring of articular cartilage surface
49
Foramen
Aperture or opening
50
Fossa
A ditch or depression
51
Fracture
Structural break in the continuity of bone
52
simple fracture
Clean break with little damage to local tissue
53
open or compound fracture
With piercing or overlying skin and risk of infection
54
Comminuted fracture
More than two fragments. often after a crushing injury.
55
Complicated fracture
Significant soft tissue damage to nearby structures (nerves, vessels, ligaments, muscles)
56
Gait
Pattern of walking
57
Genu
The knee
58
Hallux
The great toe
59
Hammer toe
Toe deformity - hyperextension of proximal interphalangeal joint, flexion of middle interphalangeal joint
60
Kyphosis
Flexion deformity of the spine (usually thoracic)
61
Lordosis
Spine held in exaggerated extension (usually lumbar)
62
Lucent
Transparent
63
Lytic
Removal of tissue such as bone
64
Mallet finger
Flexion deformity of distal interphalangeal joint of finger due to loss of active extension
65
Meniscectomy
Operative removal of semilunar cartilage of knee (meniscus)
66
Metaphysis
Flared region of long bone on diaphyseal side of epiphyseal plate
67
Mixed spinal nerve or spinal nerve
A nerve which carries sensory, motor and autonomic fibres (many thousands of each) to and from the CNS
68
Myelogram
X-ray taken after dye injected into spinal canal
69
Myotome
(Anatomy) Muscles supplied by a single spinal root
70
Neurapraxia
Temporary physiological interruption of conduction in anatomically intact nerve
71
Neurotmesis
Total or partial severance of axons and nerve sheath
72
Nidus
Source of reaction or infection
73
Opaque
Not transparent
74
Orthopaedics
Surgery on bones or joints
75
Ossification
Process of forming bone
76
Osteoarthritis
Degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone
77
Osteoblast
Bone forming cell
78
Osteoclast
Multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue
79
Osteogenesis
Formation of bone
80
Osteotomy
Surgical cutting through bone, usually to allow realignment
81
Pannus
Granulation tissue formation within a joint. Spreads to erode articular cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis.
82
Paraesthesia
Pins and needles sensation due to damage to a sensory nerve or its blood supply
83
Periosteum
Membrane covering diaphysis (shaft) of the bone
84
pes planus
Flat foot
85
Physiotherapy
The application of physical methods of treatment e.g. heat, exercises, ultra-violet radiation
86
Proprioception
Sensibility to position
87
Pseudarthrosis
Non- union of a fracture leading to a false joint with fibrous tissue between bone ends
88
Radicular pain
Experienced in a dermatome and due to nerve root irritation
89
Rarefaction
Diminished bone density in radiographs
90
Reflex arc
Neural components of a reflex e.g. sensory nerve, interneurone, motor neurone
91
Retinaculum
A restraining band
92
Rheumatology
The study of medical disorders of the musculoskeletal system
93
Rigidus
Stiff
94
Sciatica
Pain in the distribution of the sciatic nerve
95
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine
96
Axial skeleton
Bones of the central axis of body (skull vertebral column, sternum, ribcage
97
Appendicular skeleton
Bones of upper and lower limb (including pelvic girdle)
98
Spondylitis
Inflammatory disorder involving vertebral joints
99
Spondylolisthesis
Anterior subluxation of one vertebral body upon another
100
Spondylosis
Non-specific degenerative changes in the inter-vertebral discs
101
Spur
Abnormal projection of bone
102
Stretch reflex or deep tendon reflex
Tapping a tendon stretches the muscle spindles. Gamma motor neurones from the spindle sen an increase in activity to alpha motor neurones in the spinal cord. Alpha motor neurones are activated and the muscle contracts causing a jerk response. Monosynpatic.
103
Subluxation
Partial disruption of a joint with some remaining but abnomral apposition of the articular surfaces
104
Talipes
Ankle and foot
105
Tenodesis
Fixation of a tendon to bone
106
Tenolysis
Surgically freeing a tendon from adhesions
107
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation in the sheath of a tendon
108
Valgus
Condition in which hand or foot deviates away from the mid-line i.e. Genu-Varum-'bow leg'
109
Veni commitantes
Veins which accompany deep arteries that are often unnamed
