MSK anatomy Flashcards
Red *
Trapezius
Innervation:
Motor - Accessory
Prorioceptive - C3,4
Action: Upper fibres - elevate and rotate during abduction middle fibres - retract lower fibres - depress
Yellow *
Latissimus dorsi
Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve
Action: Extends, adducts and medially rotates upper limb
Green
Levator Scapulae
Innervation: Dorsal scapula nerve
Action: Elevation of scapula
Upper blue *
Rhomboid minor
Innervation: Dorsal scapula nerve
Action: Retracts and rotates scapula
Lower blue *
Rhomboid major
Innervation: Dorsal scapula nerve
Action: Retracts and rotates scapula
Red *
Deltoid
Innervation: Axillary nerve
Action: Flex, extend and abduct the shoulder
Red *
Supraspinatis
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
Action: Abducts 0-15 degrees Assists deltoid 15-90 degrees
Blue *
Infraspinatus
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
Action: Lateral rotation of arm
Green *
Subscapularis
Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves
Action: Medial rotation of arm
Yellow *
Teres minor
Innervation: Axillary nerve
Action: Lateral rotation of arm
Red
Biceps brachii
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve C5-C7
Action: Supination of the forearm and flexion of arm at elbow and shoulder
Blue
Brachialis
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (little radial)
Action: Flexor of the arm at elbow
Green
Coracobrachialis
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Action: Flexor of the arm at shoulder Supination of the arm
Triceps Brachii
Innervation: Radial nerve - C6-8 (mainly C7)
Action: Extension of the arm at the elbow
Axilla Borders: x Anterior - pectoralis major and minor x Posterior - subscapularis, teres minor, latissimus dorsi x Lateral wall - upper end of humerus - biceps brachii x Medial wall - serratus anterior over ribs x Apex - point between the first rib/clavicle and the scapula x Base - skin and deep fascia between chest wall and arm Contents: x Fat and lymph nodes - drain mammary gland x Axillary sheath - fascia containing x Axillary artery - main one for upper limb x Axillary vein - main one for upper limb x Branchial plexus - major nerve supply to the upper limb
Brachial plexus x Musculocutaneous - C5-C7 - sensory innervation - cutaneous branch innervates lateral portion of anterior forearm and a bit of the posterior x Axillary - C5-C6 - sensory innervation - superior lateral cutaneous branch innervates underside of deltoid x Median - C5-T1 - sensory innervation - palmar cutaneous = lateral palm; digital cutaneous = lateral 3.5 fingers x Radial - C5-T1 - sensory innervation - posterior arm and posterior and lateral hand x Ulnar - C8-T1 - sensory innervation - anterior and pos- terior surfaces of medial 1.5 fingers
Yellow *
Pronator teres
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Pronation of forearm, flexes elbow
Green *
Flexor carpi radialis
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Flexes the hand at the wrist on the radial side
Blue *
Palmaris longus
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Flexes hand at the wrist
Red *
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Innervation: Ulnar nerve
Action: Flexes the hand at the wrist on the ulnar side
Blue *
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints
Red *
Flexor pollicis longus
Innervation: Median nerve (Anterior interosseus)
Action: Flexes metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint of the thumb
Blue *
Flexor digitorum profundus
Innervation: Lateral part = median nerve (anterior interosseus) Medial part = ulnar nerve
Action: Flexes distal phalanges of fingers - ulnar nerve does little and ring fingers; median nerve does middle and index
Green *
Pronator quadratus
Innervation: Median nerve (anterior interosseus)
Action: Pronates forearm
Venous drainage of anterior forearm x Arcades/dorsal venous network of the hand → basilic vein + brachial veins → axillary vein → subclavian x Arcades→ ceohalic vein → axillary vein
Cubital fossa x Bounded by brachioradialis laterally and pronator teres medially x Contents: radial nerve → divides into superficial and deep ; biceps tendon, brachial artery- bifurcates into radial and ulnar branches at apex of fossa; median nerve
Bloods of anterior forearm x Brachial artery (runs in radial groove) → radial and ulnar branches → anastomose back forming the deep and superficial palmar arches
Carpal tunnel x Formed by the fascia retinacula (thick band of fascia crossing the wrist) anteriorly and carpal bones posteriorly x All the tendons of the flexor digitorum etc and radial and ulnar arteries and median nerve etc pass through - carpal tunnel = compression of medial nerve
Red
Brachioradialis
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Flexor of the forearm at the elbow
Blue *
Extensor carpi radialis (longis and brevis)
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Extends and abducts the hand at the wrist on the radial side
Yellow *
Extensor digitorum
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Extends medial four fingers at MCP and IP joints
Green *
Extensor digiti minimi
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Extends little finger
Purple *
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Extends and adducts the hand at the wrist on the ulnar side
Yellow *
Supinator
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Supinates the forearm
Red *
Abductor pollicis longus
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Abducts the thumb
Orange- Short *
Extensor pollicis brevis
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Extends MCP and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
Orange- Long *
Extensor polices longus
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Extends all joints of the thumb - carpomatacarpal, MCP and IP
Blue *
Extensor indicis
Innervation: Radial nerve
Action: Extension of the index finger
Green
Opponens pollicis
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Opposes the thumb (brings it together with little finger)
Blue
Abductor pollicis brevis
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Abducts the thumb
Red
Flexor pollicis brevis
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Flexes the thumb
Blue
Adductor pollicis
Innervation: Ulnar nerve
Action: Adducts the thumb
Red
Abductor digiti minimi
Innervation: Deep ulnar nerve
Action: Abducts the little finger
Green
Flexor digiti minimi
Innervation: Deep ulnar nerve
Action: Flexes the little finger
Blue
Opponens digiti minimi
Innervation: Deep ulnar nerve
Action: Opposes the little finger (brings to thumb)
Blue
Lumbrical muscles x4 - one for each finger
Innervation: Lateral two - median nerve Medial two - ulnar nerve
Action: Flex the metacarpophalangeal and extend the interphalangeal joints simultaneously
Interossei muscles
Innervation: Deep ulnar nerve
Action: Palmar - adduction of fingers Dorsal—abduction of fingers
Dorsal interossei- Yellow
Palmar interossei- Green
Osteology of the hand: Carpals - ‘Straight Line To Pinkie, Here Comes The Thumb’ x Scaphoid o Hamate x Lunate o Capitate x Triquetrum o Trapezoid x Pisiform o Trapezium Metacarpals x Named 1 - 5 from the thumb to little finger Phalanges x 3x - proximal, middle and intermediate
Some, Lovers, Try, Positions, That, They, Cannot, Handle
Nerves of the hand Medial and ulnar x Deep to superficial palmar arch x Supply intrinsic muscles (see table) and skin sensation x Lateral 3.5 fingers = median x Medial 1.5 fingers = ulnar
Light green and dark green
Iliopsoas
Innervation: Psoas - L1-3 Iliacus - femoral nerve
Action: Flexes lower limb at the hip
Psoas major- Light green
Iliacus- Darker green
Purple
Sartorius
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Action: Flexor, abductor and lateral rotator of the hip; flexor of the knee
Yellow, red, blue *
Quadriceps- Has 4 heads: rectus femoris; Vastus medialis; Vastus intermedius; Vastus lateralis
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Action: Femoris - crosses hip joint → flexes thigh at hip; femoris+ vasti cross knee joint as the patella tendon → extends leg at knee
Rectus femoris- Yellow
Vastus medialis- Red
Vastus lateralis- Blue
Orange *
Pectineus
Innervation: Femoral (+obturator)
Action: Abduction and flexion of the hip joint
Green *
Adductor brevis
Innervation: Obturator (L2-L4)
Action: Adduction of the thigh
Yellow *
Adductor longus
Innervation: Obturator
Action: Adduction and medial rotation of the thigh
Red *
Adductor magnus
Innervation: Obturator and tibial (L4-S3)
Action: Adduction of the thigh
Green *
Gracilis
Innervation: Obturator
Action: Adduction of thigh at hip and flexion of leg at knee
Red and purple *
Biceps femoris (Long and short heads)
Innervation: Long head - tibial branch of sciatic Short head - fibular/perineal branch of sciatic
Action: Flexion at the knee, extends at the hip, laterally rotates the hip and knee
Yellow *
Semimembranous
Innervation: Tibial branch
Action: Flexion of leg at knee, extension of thigh at hip, medial rotation at hip and knee
Blue *
Semitendinous
Innervation: Tibial branch
Action: Flexion of leg at knee, extension of thigh at hip, medial rotation at hip and knee
Red *
Gluteus maximus
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
Action: Extensor of the hip
Green and yellow *
Gluteus medius and minimus
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
Action: Abduction and medial rotation of the hip
Gluteus medius and minimus- Green and yellow
Green
Tibialis anterior
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (off common peroneal, off sciatic)
Action: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
Purple
Extensor hallucis longus
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve
Action: Extension of big toe and dorsiflexion of the foot
Red
Extensor digitorum Longus
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve
Action: Extension of the lateral 4 toes and dorsiflexion of the foot
Right
Peroneus tertorius
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve
Action: Dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
Left
Peroneus longus
Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve
Action: Plantarflexion and eversion of the foot
Middle
Peroneus brevis
Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve
Action: Eversion of the foot
Foot bones
Tiger, Cubs, Need, MILC
Yellow
Gasctrocnemuis
Innervation: Tibial nerve, off sciatic nerve
Action: Plantar flexion of the ankle and a flexor at the knee
Purple
Plantaris
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Action: Plantar flexion of the ankle and a flexor at the knee
Green
Solieus
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Action: Plantar flexion of the ankle
Orange
Popliteus
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Action: Lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia
Red
Tibialis posterior
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Action: Plantar flexion and inversion of the foot
Green
Flexor digitorum longus
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Action: Flexion of the lateral 4 toes
Blue
Felxor hallucis longus
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Action: Flexion of the big toe
Red
Sternohyoid
Innervation: C1-3
Action: Depresses hyoid bone
Blue
Omohyoid (superior belly)
Innervation: C1-3
Action: Depresses hyoid bone
Yellow
Sternothryoid
Innervation: C1-3
Action: Depresses thyroid cartilage
Green
Thyrohyoid
Innervation: C1
Action: Depresses hyoid or raises larynx
Scalenes 3x pairs - ant, mid, post
Innervation: C4-C6
Action: Elevation of ribs 1 and 2
Ant- Red
Mid- Green
Post- Yellow
Yellow *
External oblique
Innervation: T7-11 and subcostal nerve (T12)
Action: Flexion and rotation of vertebral column; compression of abdominal cavity
Red *
Internal oblique
Innervation: T6-11; subcostal (T12), Iliohypogastric (L1); ilioinguinal (L1)
Action: Flexion and rotation of vertebral column; compression of abdominal cavity
Green *
Rectus abdominis
Innervation: T7-11
Action: Flexion of vertebral column; compression of abdominal cavity
Blue *
Transversus abdominis
Innervation: T6-11; subcostal (T12), Iliohypogastric (L1); ilioinguinal (L1)
Action: Compression of abdominal cavity
Green
Quadratus lomborum
Innervation: T12-L4
Action: Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column
Red
Psoas Major
Innervation: L1-L3
Action: Flexion of thigh at the hip, lateral flexion of vertebral column
Yellow
Iliacus
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-4)
Action: Flexion of thigh at hip
Red, Green and Yellow
Levator Ani - Puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus
Innervation: Pudendal nerve -S2-4
Action: To hold up the abdominal viscera Puborectalis - maintain foetal continence - relaxes during defecation
Levator Ani – Puborectalis (Red), pubococcygeus (Green), and iliococcygeus (Yellow)
Purple
Coccygeus
Innervation: S4-S5
Action: To hold up the abdominal viscera
