Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy (GI and MSK) > MSK anatomy > Flashcards

MSK anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

where might you find Gerdy’s tubercle and what attaches to it?

A

it is a boney projection on the lateral condyle of the Tibia

it provides the attachment point for the iliotibial (IT) band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does the round ligament of the head of the femur attach and what it its function

A

attaches at the fovea on the head of the femur

transmits arteries to the head of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the menisci in the knees

A

to absorb shocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which meniscus, the medial or lateral, is more likely to be torn/damaged and why?

A

the medial because it is fixed (attached to the tibial collateral ligament and joint capsule)

the lateral meniscus is not fixed and thus can better absorb shocks and stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where do you find the tensor fascia lata muscle and what does it do

A

lies on the upper lateral side of the thigh

medial rotator of the hip and is supplied by the superior gluteal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what nerve roots make up the sciatic nerve

A 
L4
L5
S1
S2
S3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what nerve roots make up the superior gluteal nerve

A

L4-S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what nerve roots make up the inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5-S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is the sacral plexus located and what nerve roots make it up

A

located in the lesser pelvis in front of the sacrum

formed by the ventral rami of L4-S3 plus some of S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what nerve supplies the tensor fascia lata

A

the superior gluteal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe the pathway of the superior gluteal nerve

A

passes through the GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN to enter the gluteal region, and passes ABOVE the piriformis (along with superior gluteal artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe the pathway of the inferior gluteal artery

A

passes through the GREATER SCIATIC FORAMEN to enter the gluteal region, and passes BELOW the piriformis (along with the inferior gluteal artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the superior and inferior gluteal arteries are branches of which larger artery?

A

the internal iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the arterial supply for the posterior thigh

A

supplied mainly by the perforating branches of the deep femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what nerve roots make up the lumbar plexus

what are the branches of this plexus we need to know

A

formed by the central rami of L1-L4

branches are the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh and the femoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what nerve roots make up the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

what does this nerve supply

A

L2 and L3

supplies the skin on the anterolateral side of the thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what nerve roots make up the femoral nerve

what does this nerve supply

A

L2, L3, L4

supplies all anterior thigh muscles as well as the skin of the anterior and medial thigh

the longest sensory branch of the femoral nerve is the saphenous nerve that supplies the skin on the medial side of the leg and foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what nerve roots make up the obturator nerve

A

L2, 3, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the spacial relationship of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, the femoral nerve, and the obturator nerve to one another

A

L. cut. nerve of thigh runs close to the iliac crest, then the thick femoral nerve lies more medial running posterior to the inguinal ligament, then the obturator nerve is most medial and passes through the obturator canal (remember femoral is in the middle of these two)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the chief nerve of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

the obturator nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what muscles are supplied by the obturator nerve

A

the hip joint adductor muscles and the hip and knee joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the pathway of the great saphenous vein and what vein it opens into

A

runs upwards, anterior to the medial malleolus, along the medial side of the leg and the knee

in the upper part of the thigh it opens into the femoral vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe the pathway of the small saphenous vein and what vein it opens into

A

runs upwards, posterior to the lateral malleolus and in the posterior leg it drains into the popliteal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the adductor hiatus

A

an opening in the aponeurosis of the adductor magnus muscle leading from the anterior compartment of the thigh into the popliteal fossa

it transmits the femoral vessels

(located at the distal end of the adductor magnus close to the knee joint and medial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the femoral triangle

A

a triangular depression on the front of the upper part of the thigh immediately below the inguinal ligament

it is bounded by the thigh muscles and the inguinal ligament

contents of the triangle (from medial –> lateral):
femoral vein (medial)
femoral artery
femoral nerve (later)

“VAN”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what larger artery becomes the femoral artery

A

the external iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery

A

after it passes through the adductor hiatus, in the popliteal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the main artery of the head of the femur

A

medial circumflex femoral artery (branch of the deep artery of the thigh which comes off the femoral artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what artery passes through the round ligament of the head of the femur to supply it

A

obturator artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what nerve root supplies the following dermatomes areas?

  1. medial thigh and knee
  2. anterior knee
  3. medial border of foot
  4. dorsum of foot
  5. lateral border of foot
A
  1. L3
  2. L4
  3. L4
  4. L5
  5. S1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

list the hip flexor muscles

A

iliopsoas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

list the hip adductor muscles

A

adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

list the hip abductor muscles

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

list the hip extension muscles

A

gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

list the hip lateral rotator muscles

A

piriformis (which is a deep gluteal muscle)

other deep gluteal muscles as a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

list the knee extensor muscles

A

quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastuc intermedius, vastus lateralis)

gluteus maximus
tensor fascia lata (via IT band)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

list the knee flexor muscles

A

hamstring muscles (semimembranosus, semiteninosus, biceps femoris)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what are the 3 parts of the foot

A

tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how many bones make up the tarsus part of the foot

name them

A

7

proximal group: talus (above), calcaneus (below)

intermediate group: navicular

distal group: cuboid and 3 cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is the wrist equivalent of dorsiflexion?

what is the wrist equivalent of plantarflexion?

A

dorsiflexion in ankle = same as extension of wrist

plantarflexion in ankle = same as flexion of the wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what joint performs the inversion and eversion movements of the foot

A

subtalar/talocalcaneal joint (between talus and calcaneus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what forms the retinacula around the ankle

A

thickening of the deep fascia of the leg around the ankle forms the retinacula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what are the two types of retinacula around the ankle

A

extensor retinacula and fibular retinacula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

where are the extensor retinacula

A

anterior to the ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

where are the fibular retinacula

A

posterior to the lateral malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what are the functions of the retinacula

A

to retain the tendon of muscles in place (same function as in the wrist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what is the only muscle on the dorsum of the foot

A

extensor digitorum brevis (medial most part is called the extensor hallucis longus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what is the function of fibularis tertius

A

eversion of foot and dorsiflexion of ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what is the function of tibialis anterior

A

inversion of foot and dorsiflexion of ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what nerve roots make up the common fibular nerve

A

L4, L5, S1, S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what are the two main branches of the popliteal artery

A

anterior and posterior tibial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what are the branches of the popliteal artery called in the knee?

A

genicular arteries–supply the knee joint and form arterial anastamoses around the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what nerve roots make up the sural nerve

A

L5, S1, S2

54
Q

the sural nerve is a branch of which larger nerve

A

tibial nerve

55
Q

where does the sural nerve go

A

all the way to the lateral portion of the foot

56
Q

how can you remember the order of the tendons in the medial ankle behind the medial malleolus

A

Tom, Dick And a Very Nervous Harry (from anterior to posterior)

  1. tendon of Tibialis posteriod
  2. tendon of flexor Digitorum longus
  3. posterior tibial Artery (pulse of this artery felt midway between heel and medial malleolus)
  4. vein
  5. tibial Nerve
  6. tendon of flexor Hallucis longus
57
Q

what are the functions of the plantar aponeurosis

A
  1. fixes the skin at the sole of the foot
  2. protects the deep structures
  3. helps in maintaining the longitudinal arches of the foot (supports the arch)
58
Q

what serve roots make up the tibial nerve

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

59
Q

where is the posterior tibial artery located

A

between the superficial and deep muscle groups of the posterior leg (underneath soleus)

60
Q

the fibular artery is a branch of which artery?

A

posterior tibial artery

61
Q

what does the capitulum (on the humerus) articulate with

A

head of the radius (laterally)

62
Q

what does the trochlea (on the humerus) articulate with

A

trochlear notch of the ulna (medially)

63
Q

why is the medial epicondyle important on the humerus

A

attachment of common flexor tendon

64
Q

why is the lateral epicondyle important on the humerus

A

attachment of the common extensor tendon

65
Q

what does brachioradialis do? what is it innervated by?

A

innervated by radial nerve

does flexion of the forearm

66
Q

what causes medial epicondylitis

A

forceful and repeated bending of the wrist and fingers may cause tiny ruptures of the common FLEXOR origin (i.e in golfing)

symptoms are tenderness, pain at medial epicondyle made worst by flexing the wrist

67
Q

what causes lateral epicondylitis

A

common EXTENSOR origin become painful and tender due to strain or direct impact

tenderness and pain on outer part of lateral epicondyle

68
Q

does the ulnar nerve pass thru the carpal tunnel?

A

no

the median nerve does but the ulnar nerve doesn’t… runs medial along the forearm and enters the hand but does not pass thru the carpal tunnel

69
Q

which two muscles of the forearm are innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus

70
Q

what happens if your radial nerve becomes paralyzed

A

wrist drop…. no extension of wrist is possible

71
Q

where do you test the sensory of the radial nerve

A

touch at the first interdigital space on the hand

72
Q

what two branches form from the brachial artery

A

ulnar and radial arteries

73
Q

what areas of the forearm does the ulnar artery supply

A

anterior and posterior compartments, along with the radial, as well as forming palmar arterial branches in the palm

(runs medial)

74
Q

what areas of the forearm does the radial artery supply

A

mostly supplies the lateral side of the forearm

passes thru ANATOMICAL SNUFF BOX and then passes into hand to take part in deep palmar arch

75
Q

what goes through the carpal tunnel

A

nine tendons:

  • flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons to the fingers)
  • flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons to the fingers)
  • flexor pollicis longus (1 to the thumb)

plus the MEDIAN nerve

76
Q

state the nerve root for:

femoral nerve

A

L2, L3, L4

77
Q

state the nerve root for:

obturator nerve

A

L2, L3, L4

78
Q

state the nerve root for:

sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3

79
Q

state the nerve root for:

pudendal nerve

A

S2, S3, S4

80
Q

state the nerve root for:

superior gluteal nerve

A

L4-S1

81
Q

state the nerve root for:

inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5-S2

82
Q

what does pectineus do?

A

hip flexion

83
Q

what test tests for achilles tendon rupture (name)

A

Thompson’s test

84
Q

which nerve roots do ankle inversion

A

L4, L5

85
Q

which nerve roots do ankle eversion

A

L5, S1

86
Q

what nerve roots do knee extension

A

L3, L4

87
Q

what nerve innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

A

suprascapular nerve

88
Q

what nerve innervates teres minor

A

axillary nerve

89
Q

what nerve innervates subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapularis

90
Q

which nerve root is responsible for the following reflex:

triceps reflex

A

C7

91
Q

which nerve root is responsible for the following reflex:

biceps reflex

A

C5

92
Q

which nerve root is responsible for the following reflex:

knee jerk

A

L4

93
Q

which nerve root is responsible for the following reflex:

brachioradialis

A

C6

94
Q

which nerve root is responsible for the following reflex:

ankle jerk

A

S1

95
Q

what does the triangular space contain (shoulder)

A

circumflex scapular vessels

96
Q

what does the quadrangular space contain (shoulder)

A

axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels

97
Q

is the acromion process on the posterior or anterior part of the scapula?

A

acromion process comes off the scapular spine (posterior)

the coracoid process comes off on the anterior of the scapula

98
Q

what test tests for de quervains tenosynovitis?

A

Finkelstein’s test… make fist with thumb inside and then tilt wrist towards ground

99
Q

what nerve roots do elbow flexion

A

C5, C6

100
Q

what nerve roots do wrist flexion

A

C6, C7

101
Q

what nerve root does abduction of the little finger

A

T1

102
Q

what is golf elbow

A

medial epicondylitis–> common flexor origin

103
Q

what does Schobers test test for

A

ankylosing spondylitis

104
Q

what does spurlings test test for

A

cervical nerve root compression

105
Q

what does hawkins sign test for

A

shoulder impingement

106
Q

what does Neer’s sign test for

A

shoulder impingement (moving arm passively through forward flexion)

107
Q

what does the sulcus sign test for

A

shoulder instability

108
Q

which epicondyle is involved in golf elbow

A

medial–common flexor tendon

109
Q

which epicondyle is involved in tennis elbow

A

lateral–common extension tendon

110
Q

what does the thomas test test for

A

hip flexion contracture

111
Q

what does the femoral stretch test test

A

stretches the femoral neurovascular bundle in the femoral triangle

112
Q

what does the thompson test test for

A

achilles rupture

113
Q

what does phalen’s test test for

A

carpal tunnel–push backs of hands together

114
Q

what does finkelsteins test test for

A

de quervain’s tenosynovitis –abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

115
Q

what does allen’s test test for

A

perfusion of the hands

116
Q

what might you suspect in a patient with low back pain and loss of bladder/bowel control

A

spinal cord injury

emergency

117
Q

what does the tripod test test for

A

sciatic nerve irritation –lean back on hands when raise leg due to leg pain

118
Q

list mimickers of back pain not to be missed

A

abdominal aneurysm

kidney stones

119
Q

what are the symptoms of horners

A

myosis
ptosis
anhydrosis

120
Q

where do you test the following myotomes

  1. C5
  2. C6
  3. C7
  4. C8
  5. T1
A
  1. C5–deltoid
  2. C6–wrist extensors (or biceps)
  3. C7–triceps
  4. C8–deep finger flexors
  5. T1–finger abductors
121
Q

where do you test the following myotomes

  1. L2/3
  2. L3/4
  3. L4
  4. L5
  5. S1/2
A
  1. L2/3–hip flexors
  2. L3/4–knee extension
  3. L4–tibialis anterior
  4. L5–extensor hallucis longus
  5. S1/2–gastroc/soleus
122
Q

what does the swinging light test test

A

looks for a relative afferent pupillary defect

123
Q

what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test

achilles

A

S1

tibial

124
Q

what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test

babinski

A

(toe extensor)

L4, L5, S1, S2

tibial

125
Q

what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test

biceps

A

C5

musculocutaneous

126
Q

what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test

brachioradialis

A

C6

radial

127
Q

what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test

triceps

A

C7

radial

128
Q

what spinal nerve segment/peripheral nerve does the following reflect test

patellar

A

quadriceps femoris–L4

femoral

129
Q

what are the 9 geriatric giants

A
  1. vision and hearing
  2. malnutrition
  3. falls and mobility
  4. urinary incontinence
  5. bowel function
  6. depression
  7. chronic pain
  8. memory loss
  9. iatrogenesis (meds)
130
Q

what doe rombergs sign test

A

cerebellar function

stand and close your eyes

131
Q

what is abnormal in psychosis

A

thought content

Anatomy (GI and MSK) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions