MSK Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 7 functions of bone?
- Provide support
- Movement
- Provide protection
- Blood formation (via red bone marrow inside bone cavities)
- Electrolyte Balance
- Acid-Base balance
- Storage of energy (fat in yellow bone marrow)
True or False?
The marrow cavity hold the red/ yellow bone marrow, has periosteum lining.
False.
The marrow cavity hold the red/ yellow bone marrow, has endosteum lining.
True or False?
The periosteum is a layer of fibrous outer and osteogenic underneath layer that surrounds the entire bone (including the diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis).
False.
The periosteum does not surround the articular cartilage.
True or False?
Red bone marrow is located in flat, irregular bones and ends of adult femur, humerus and is hematopoietic.
True.
Femur, humerus bones -> long bones
True or False?
Under the stressful circumstances, the red bone marrow is able to redifferentiate into yellow bone marrow
False.
Yellow bone marrow is able to redifferentiate into red bone marrow under stress
Function
What are the functions of osteocytes, osteoclasts and osteoblasts?
OsteoCYtes are trapped in lacunae within the bone matrix, and involved in bone maintenance, remodelling and mechanosensing.
OsteoClasts are for bone resorption and remodelling. They dissolve bone matrices and are related to white blood cells.
OsteoBlasts are for generating new bone matrices and osteocytes.
True or False?
Osteoclasts are for bone reabsorption and remodelling. They dissolve bone matrices and are related to white blood cells.
False.
Osteoclasts are for bone resorption and remodelling. They dissolve bone matrices and are related to white blood cells.
Fill in the blank.
Osteoporosis occurs when bone has too much osteo________ activity and/or too little osteo________ activity.
Osteoclasts. Osteoblasts
What is a structural unit of the compact bone?
Osteon.
Spongy/ cancellous bone resembles a sponge because of ________ between ________ beams/ plates of bone. The cavities contain ________
Spongy/ cancellous bone resembles a sponge because of marrow cavities between trabeculae beams/ plates of bone, which contain red bone marrow
Name the 6 different bones on the skull
Slide 5 of Mr Liang Feng Yi
- Parietal bone
- Temporal bone
- Frontal bone
- Occipital bone
- Maxilla
- Mandible
Name what type of bones these are:
* Cranium
* Mandible
* Clavicle
* Scapula
* Sternum
* Humerus
* Rib
* Vertebrae
* Ulna
* Radius
* Hip bone
* Femur
* Patella
* Tibia
* Fibula
Slide 5 of Mr Liang Feng Yi
Flat bones: cranium, scapula, sternum, rib, hip bone
Long bones: clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula
Irregular bones: mandible, vertebrae
Sesamoid bone: Patella
Fill in the blanks
Chondrocytes secrete ________. They are almost always covered by ____________. There are no blood vessels or nerve except in ________
Chondrocytes secrete cartilage matrix. They are almost always covered by perichondrium. There are no blood vessels or nerve except in perichondrium
What are the 3 types of cartilages in the human body
Hyaline cartilages, elastic cartilages, fibrocartilages
A bundle of myofilaments is called ____(1)____.
A bundle of ____(1)____ is called ____(2)____.
A bundle of ____(2)____ is called ____(3)____.
A bundle of ____(3)____ is called ____(4)____.
- Myofibrils
- Fibers
- Fascicles
- Muscle
List out the various muscles from the different body parts
Face and neck
Arms and shoulder
Chest
Abdominal area
Butt
Thighs and calves
Slide 13 of Mr Liang Feng Yi
Face and neck: buccinator, masseter, sternocleidomastoid
Arms and shoulder: triceps brachii, biceps brachii, deltoid
Chest: pectoralis major
Abdominal area: rectus abdominis
Butt: gluteus maximus
Thighs and calves: adductor longus, biceps femoris, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius
What are the 5 functions of skeletal muscles?
- Produce movements (obvious movements such as walking, pinching, respiration / subtle movements such as facial expression)
- Maintain posture, position, and stability
- Support and protect (abdominal wall protect internal organs, pelvic diaphragm support pelvic organs)
- Guard entraces/ exits via sphincters (enable voluntary control of swallowing, micturition/ urination, defecation, parturition)
- Maintain body temperature (chemical energy converted to heat during muscle contraction and shivering)
What are the 2 muscles frequently used for IM injection?
Deltoid, gluteus maximus
List the 4 major types of synovial joints, as well as examples of places where it can be found in the body
- Ball and socket joint, e.g. shoulder and hip joints
- Hinge joint, e.g. elbow and knee joints
- Pivot joint, e.g. radioulnar joint
- Planar joint, e.g intercarpal joint
From IC
Which of the following muscles contracts to produce knee extension?
A. Quadriceps femoris
B. Gastrocnemius
C. Sartorius
D. Biceps femoris
Answer: A
B: calf of leg
C: thigh
