MSK Flashcards
why might the neck be crooked
spasm or pain
what can alter iliac crest height
leg length discrepancy, scoliosis
what can cause a gibbus (angular deformity in the spine)
wedge fracture (OA), osteomyelitis, tumour
what symptoms might a thoracic rib produce
neuro symptoms, thoracic outlet syndrome (compromised vasculature)
what might cause pain in sacroiliac joint
OA, sacrolitis
what would cause different chest height when bent over
scoliosis
what range of movement is normal for lumbar lateral flexion
hand below knee
what movements must you be above the patients to assess
neck movements
what do you look for in a fully extended knee
full extension, hamstring wasting, bakers cyst
what can cause muscle wasting
disuse and denervation
what is in a bakers cysts
synovial fluid- outpouching of synovium
what is a antalgic gait
pain relieving gait (short stance phase on affected side)
what is an ataxic gait
wide base gait
what is an effusion in MSK
fluid within the joint
where is the best place to look for an effusion in the knee
medial sulcus- dip in the inside of the knee
what causes heat of a joint
septic arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, reactive synovitis
when is a gutter sweep positive
in small or moderate effusion
who gets patella instability
young, hypermobile, anterior knee pain
which direction is the patella most likely to dislocate
medially
what is felt on a patellar grind test
crunching and probably pain by patient
what does the straight leg raise test
extensor mechanism
how to test posterior cruciate ligament
look for posterior test, compare to other side, see if it touches hand, then pull forward
what is a fixed flexion deformity
lack of complete extension
why can you not see an effusion in the hip joint
too deep
what will cause tenderness in palpation of the greater trochanter
bursitis
what will thomas test show
fixed flexion deformity
what to you asses from side of shoulder
look along clavicle to check alignment
what muscles of shoulder do you asses from the back
deltoid, trapezius, supraspinatous, infrapsinatous
what do you look for in the axilla
lymph nodes, pathology, scars
what grove does the long head of the biceps run in
biciptial groove
what does better passive than active movement suggest
muscle weakness (e.g. frozen shoulder)
what muscles stabilise the scapula- what are they innervated by
latissimus dorsi and serratus
long thoracic nerve (serratus) and thoracodorsal nerve (latissimus)
what muscles in rotator cuff initiated abduction
supraspinatus
