MSK Flashcards by Osaama Aldabbagh

What are the contents of the axilla?

AAABBC

Axillary artery

Axillary vein

Axillary lymph nodes

Brachial plexus

Biceps brachii

Coracobrachialis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What would be the consequence of a fracture of the humerus at the:

a) surgical neck
b) mid shaft
c) Distal end

a) Damage to arterial circumflex and necrosis. Damage to axillary nerve
b) Danage to brachial artery, radial nerve, and wrist drop

c ) Damage to ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What would occur in damage to the long thoracic nerve?

Winged scapula due to loss of tonic contraction of serratus anterior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a clinical sign of a scaphoid fracture?

Tenderness of anatomical snuffbox

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a colles’ fracture?

Falling on outstretched hands

Distal fragment displaced posteriorly, dinner fork appearance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a smiths fracture?

Falling on flexed wrists

Distal fragment displaced anteriorly, spade appearance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Draw the brachial plexus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the nerve roots of the:

a) median nerve
b) musculocutaneous
c) Ulnar
d) Radial
e) Axillary

a) C6 - 6 letters in median

b and c) Musculocutaneous and ulnar is all possibilities there musc = c5 - c7, ulnar = C8-T1

d) Radial = C5 - T1
e) Axillary = C5-6

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens in injury to the upper brachial plexus and lower brachial plexus>? Where would you test for paralysis.

Upper - erb’s palsy. Waiter tip appearance. Lateral side of arm paralysis

Lower - Klumpke’s palsy. Paralysis of small muscles of hand. Medial side of arm paralysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What would happen if the median nerve was damaged:

a) at the elbow
b) at the wrist

a) unable to flex first 3 digits. forearm supinated and weak flexion. Hand of benediction
b) unable to flex first 3 digits. Hand of benediciton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

State the borders of the cubital fossa and what it contains.

Medial - Pronator teres

Lateral - Brachioradialis

Superior - Imaginary line between epicondyles

Really Need Beer To Be At My Nicest

Radial Nerve

Biceps Tendon

Brachial Artery

Median Nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is student’s elbow?

Inflammation of the subcutaneous olecranon bursa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the bones of the wrist

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquitrum

Pisiform

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capitate

Hamate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is tennis elbow and golf elbow?

Tennis elbow - Lateral epicondylitis

Golf elbow - Medial epicondylitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the posterior muscles of the forearm and actions

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extensor pollicis brevis

Abductor Pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor indices - index finger

Supinator

Brachioradialis - flexes elbow

Anconeus

3 x 3 + 3:

3 wrist muscles

3 thumb muscles

3 finger muscles

+ 3 misc muscles - anconeus, supinator, brachioradialis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the muscles of the anterior forearm and their innervation

Median innervation:

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator Quadratus

FDS

Half of FDP

Ulnar innervation:

Half of FDP

Flexor carpi ulnaris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a dupuytrens contracture?

Shortening and thickening of palmar fascia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

Median nerve

9 tendons - 4 FDP, 4 FDS, 1 flexor pollicis longus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Give 4 possible causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

MEDIAN TRAP

Myxoedema

edema premenstrually

Diabetes

Idiopathic

Acromegaly

Neoplasm

Trauma

Rheumatoid arthritis

Amyloidosis

Pregnancy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

State the thenar muscles of the hand. What nerve innervates them?

All Fridges Operate Annually

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

Opponens pollicis

Adductor pollicis brevis

All median except adductor pollicis brevis which is ulnar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

State the hypothenar muscles of the hand and their innervation

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor difiti minimi brevis

Opoonens digiti minimi

Ulnar innervations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the action of the lumbricals and what innervates them?

Lumbricals flex at MCP joint and extend at IP joint (bye bye muscles)

Lumbricals 1 and 2 - Median

Lumbricals 3 and 4 - Ulnar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the palmar and dorsal Interossei muscles and what innervates them?

PAD DAB

Palmar - ADducts at MCP

Dorsal - ABducts at MCP

Both innervated by ulnar

Name the bones of the foot

Tiger Cubs Need MILC

Talus

Calcaneous

Navicular

Medial intermediate lateral cuneiform

Cuboid

What is the differene between an intracapsular and extracapsular fracture of the femur?

Intracapsular - Femoral circumflex artery damaged

Name the muscles of the anterior thigh and their innervations and their actions

Psoas major Iliacus (iliopsoas) Recuts femoris Vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis Sartorius - ABducts and lateral rotator of hip Pectineus - ADducts at hip All innervated by femoral nerve

Name the muscles of the medial thigh and their innervations

Adductor magnus, longus, brevis Obturator externus Gracialis Innervations are all Obturator Nerve

Name the muscles of the posterior thigh and their innervations

Biceps femoris Semitendinosus - medial Semimembranosus - lateral Innervated by Sciatic Nerve

Name the borders of the femoral triangle

Superior - inguinal ligament Medial - Adductor longus Lateral - Sartorius

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

NAVEL / NAVY Nerve Artery Vein Y fronts Nerve Artery Vein Empty Space (femoral canal) Lymph vessels

Explain the arterial blood supply of the lower limb up to the knee

Abdominal Aorta --\> common iliac Common iliac splits into external and interal iliac 1. External iliac --\> femoral artery. Femoral artery goes through adductor hiatus and to the back of the knee and becomes popliteal artery 2. Internal iliac --\> gluteal arteries and obturator arteries. Obturator supples medial thigh.

What is the nerve roots of the: a) femoral nerve b) obturator nerve c) Sciatic nerve

a) L2 - L4 b) L2 - L4 c) L5 - S2

What happens to the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa?

Splits into tibial and common fibular

What is intermittent claudication?

Atherosclerosis of the lower limb arteries. Pain on exercise;

What are the superficial gluteal muscles and their actions and innervation?

Gluteus maximus - infeior gluteal nerve - extensor of hip Gluteus medius - superior gluteal nerve - abducts and medially rotates Gluteus minimis - same as medius

What are the deep gluteal muscles and their actions?

Pretty Girls Often Grow Old Quickly Piriformis Gemelli superior Obturator internus Gemlli inferior Obturator externus Quadratus femoris All laterally rotate and abduct

What happens in damage to the superior gluteal nerve? how would you test?

trendelenburgs test Hip drop on opposite side of damage

What are the 3 ligaments of the hip joint?

Pubofemoral Iliofemoral Ischiofemoral

Name the vertebral column bones and the number in them

Celibate Teachers Lack Sexual Charisma Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacral - 5 Coccyx - 4

what are the 2 components of an IV disc? What happens in a slipped disc?

Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus In slipped disc - nucleus herniates through annulus fibrosus

What is C1 and C2 called? what distinguishing features do they have?

C1 - Atlas. Lacks spinous process C2 - Axis. Large spinous process.

How would you distinguish between the vertebrae?

Cervical - oval foramen Thoracic - Circular foramen Lumbar - Triangular foramen

What are the ligaments of the knee?

Lateral and medial collateral Anterior and posterior cruciate Patellar ligament

How is blood supplied to the knee?

Via genicular arteries from the femoral artery

What is a housemaid's kne and a clergyman's knee?

Housemaids - Inflammation of prepatellar bursa Clergymans - Inflammation of infrapatella bursa

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

Superiormedial - semimembranosus Superiorlateral - Biceps femoris Inferior - heads of biceps femoris

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Popliteal artery, vein, Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve Medial to lateral VANN

What is a popliteal cyst?

Inflammation of the semimembranosus bursa

What are the lateral muscles of the leg and their innervation?

Fibularis longus and brevis - superficial fibular

What are the muscles of the anterior leg and their innervation?

Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus All deep fibular nerve

What are the muscles of the posterior leg and their innervations and actions?

Gastrocnemius Plantaris Soleus All above involved in plantarflexion Popliteus - laterally rotats femur Tibialis posterior - inversion and plantarflexion Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus All innervated by tibial nerve

What is the order of the structures passing the medial malleolus?

Tom Dick And Nervous Harry Tibialis posterior Digitorum longus Artery tibial Nerve tibial Hallucis longus

Why might foot drop occur if head of fibula damaged?

Fibular nerve wraps around head of fibula.

What are the features of OA on an xray? name 4

Bone cysts, sclerosis, loss of joint space, osteophytes

How would you treat Osteoporosis?

bisphosphonates to inhibit osteoclast activity

What is a potts fracture?

Bimalleolar fracture