- Convex surface moving on a fixed concave surface, the convex moves opposite to the direction of the shaft of the bony lever - Concave surface moves on a fixed convex surface, the concave articulating surface moves in the same direction as the bony lever

MSK Flashcards by Hannah Lauer

First Class Lever

2 forces are applied on either side of an axis
Ex: Elbo with contraction of the triceps

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Second Class Lever

Resistance lies between the effort force and the axis of rotation
Ex: few examples in the body, toe raises

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Third Class Lever

The effort forces lies closer to the axis than the resistance force
Ex: Most muscles in human body are 3rd class levers, elbow flexion

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Arthrokinematics

Movement between joint surfaces

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Osteokinematics

movement between two bones

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Convex-Concave Rule

Convex surface moving on a fixed concave surface, the convex moves opposite to the direction of the shaft of the bony lever
Concave surface moves on a fixed convex surface, the concave articulating surface moves in the same direction as the bony lever

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Vertebral joint positions

Open: Midway between flexion and extension
Closed: Maximal extension

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Temporomandibular joint positions

Open: Jaw slightly open
Closed: Max retrusion

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Sternoclavicular joint position

Open: arm resting by side
Closed: Arm maximally elevated

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Acromioclavicular joint position

Open: Arm resting by side
Closed: Arm abducted 90*

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Glenohumeral joint position

Open: 40-55 abduction; 30* horizontal adduction (scapular plane)
Closed: Maximum abduction and ER

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Humeroulnar joint position

Open: 70* flexion and 10* supination
Closed: Full extension and supination

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Humeroradial joint position

Open: Full extension and supination
Closed: 90* flexion and 5* supination

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Proximal Radioulnar joint position

Open: 70* flexion and 35* supination
Closed: 5* supination

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Distal Radialulnar joint position

Open: 10* supination
Closed: 5* supination

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Radio/Ulnocarpal joint position

Open: Neutral with slight ulnar deviation
Closed: Full extension with radial deviation

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Midcarpal joint position

Open: Neutral or slight flexion with ulnar deviation
Closed: Extension with ulnar deviation

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Carpometcarpal (2-5) joint position

Open: Midway between abduction-adduction and flexion-extension (thumb); midway between flexion and extension (fingers)
Closed: Full opposition (thumb); full flexion (fingers)

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Metocarpophalangeal (MCP) joint position

Open: Slight flexion
Closed: Full opposition (thumb); full flexion (fingers)

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Interphalangeal (IP) joint position

Open: Slight flexion
Closed: Full extension

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Hip joint position

Open: 30* flexion, 30* abduction, and slight lateral rotation
Closed: Full extension, abduction, IR; Bony - 90* flexion, slight ABD, and slight ER

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Knee joint position

Open: 25* flexion
Closed: Full EXT and ER

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Talocrural joint position

Open: Mid inversion/eversion and 10* PF
Closed: Full DF

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Subtalar joint position

Open: Midway between extremes of ROM
Closed: Full Inversion

Midtarsal joint position

Open: Midway between extremes of ROM Closed: Full Supination

Tarsometatarsal joint position

Open: Midway between sup and pro Closed: Full supination

Metatarsophalangeal joint position

Open: Neutral (EXT 10*) Closed: Full EXT

Interphalangeal joint position

Open: Slight FLEX Closed: Full EXT

Temporomandibular capsular patterns

Limited mouth opening

Occipitoatlantal joint capsular patterns

Forward FLEX limited greater than EXT

Atlantooccipital joint capsular patterns

Limitation with rotation

Lower C/S (C3-T2) capsular patterns

Limitation of all motions except FLEX (side-bending and rotation equally limited and both greater than EXT)

Glenohumeral capsular patterns

ER>ABD>IR

Sternoclavicular capsular patterns

Full elevation; pain at extreme ROM

Acromioclavicular capsular patterns

Full elevation; pain at extreme ROM

Humeroulnar capsular patterns

FLEX>EXT

Humeroradial capsular patterns

FLEX>EXT

Prox Radioulnar capsular patterns

Pro = Sup

Distal Radioulnar capsular patterns

Pro = Sup

Wrist capsular patterns

FLEX = EXT

Midcarpal capsular patterns

Equal all directions

Trapeziometacarpal capsular patterns

ABD>EXT

Carpometacarpals (II-V) capsular patterns

Equally in all directions

UE Digits capsular patterns

FLEX>EXT

T/S capsular patterns

Side-bending and rotation > EXT > FLEX

L/S capsular patterns

Marked and equal limitation of side-being and rotation; loss of EXT > FLEX

SI, symphysis of pubis, sacrococcygeal capsular patterns

Pain when joints are stressed

Hip capsular patterns

FLEX/IR; some ABD; no or little ADD and ER

Knee capsular patterns

FLEX grossly limited; slight limitation of EXT

Tibiofibular (prox & dist) capsular patterns

Pain when joint is stressed

Talocrural capsular patterns

PF>DF

Talocalcaneal (subtalar) capsular patterns

Increasing limitation of various; joint fixed in valves ( INV>EV)

Midtarsal capsular patterns

Sup>Pro (limited DF, PF, ADD, medial rotation)

1st Metatarsophalangeal capsular patterns

Marked limitation of EXT; slight limitation FLEX

Metatarsophalangeal (II-V) capsular patterns

Variable; tend to FLEX limitations

Interphalangeal capsular patterns

Tend toward to EXT limitations

Normal End-Feels

Soft: occurs within soft tissue approximations Firm: capsular and ligamentous stretching Hard: when bone and/or cartilage meet

Pathological End-Feels

Boggy: edema, joint swelling Firm with decr elasticity; fibrosis of soft tissue