MSK Flashcards
symptom of lateral epicondylitis?
pain over the lateral epicondyle with wrist extension & pronation/supination
Waht is lateral epicondylitis?
overuse injury of the tendon insertions connected to the extensor carpi radialis brevis.
What muscle is affected in medial epicondylitis?
Pronator teres & flexor carpi radialis
Tennis Elbow
Lateral Epicondylitis: repeated supination/pronation and wrist extension
Golfer’s Elbow
Medial Epicondylitis: repeated use of wrist flexion & forearm pronation
Patellar Tendonitis
inferior patella pain due to over use of patellar tendon. Repeated jumping.
Bassett Sign
Knee tender to palpation w knee fully extended but nontender w knee flexed.
Steroid injection use in jumper’s knee (patellar tendoinitis)
Contraindication = tendon rupture
Biceps Tendonitis
inflammation or irritation of the upper biceps tendon (long head) that runs through the bicipital groove.
“Popeye” deformity
Biceps tendon rupture: the muscle bunch up and form a large, painful ball on your upper arm.
Biceps Tendonitis sxs
pain in the biceps groove
Anterior shoulder pain
Pain with resisted supination of the elbow
Yergason’s test
Biceps Tendonitis: Elbow flexed 90 degrees, wrist supination against resistance
Positive test: Pain reproduced
Speed’s test
Biceps Tendonitis: Pain is elicited in the bicipital groove when the patient attempts to forward elevate the shoulder against examiner resistance while the elbow is extended and the forearm supinated.
Achilles Tendon Rupture Tx
posterior ankle splint with the ankle in plantar flexion
Thompson test
Dx Achilles rupture: weak/absent plantar flexion when calf (gastrocnemius) is squeezed.
Hip fractures
shortened and externally rotated left lower extremity
Complications of Femoral Neck Fracture
Avascular Necrosis: Insidious onset of a dull ache or throbbing localized to the groin, lateral hip, or buttocks - think trauma, steroid use, or sickle cell
Leg shortened, adducted and is internally rotated
Hip Dislocations. Posterior dislocation MC. Risk of sciatic nerve injury.
Hip dislocation Tx
Closed reduction attempted <6 hr to reduce risk of osteonecrosis. Failure = open reduction
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
head of the femur slips off the neck of the femur inferiorly and posteriorly,
Presentation of slipped capital femoral epiphysis
obese 10 to 16 years old, with groin or knee discomfort increasing with activity + a limp
Knee dislocation complications
Orthopedic emergency: tibiofemoral dislocations. cannot extend knee.
Popliteal artery injury: absent dorsalis pedis -> dx w CTA
Popliteal nerve: drop foot
Lateral Tibial Plateau Fracture
proximal tibal fracture w extension into the joint. -> direct blow to lateral knee
kneecap (patella) fracture
Most fractures of the patella result from direct forces, such as a fall onto a flexed knee or the knee striking the dashboard during an MVA
The patient will be unable to straighten and extend the knee
patella Alta
Patella Fracture seen on X-ray
Patellar dislocation
commonly are lateral, although medial or superior dislocations are described. The patella is displaced from the trochlear groove
Patellar subluxation
excessive lateral movement of the patella but remain in the trochlear groove
tenderness over the tibial tubercle
Osgood-Schlatter disease: Repetitive traction of the apophysis of the tibial tuberosity results in microtrauma and micro-avulsion
pain w knee extension + prominent tibial tuberosity
Cortisone injections in jumper’s knee
contraindicated due to the risk of patellar tendon rupture.
Meniscus tear
twisting injuries
Triad:joint line pain, effusion, locking
McMurray test
Flexed knee external rotation of tiba (medial meniscus) or interal rotation (lateral meniscus)-> pain = meniscus tear
Jones fracture (daner fracture)
fracture of the proximal fifth metatarsal bone
pilon fracture
fracture of the distal tibia from impact with the talus
associated with comminution, intra-articular extension, and significant soft tissue injury
ankle sprain
ankle sprain is an injury involving the stretching or tearing of the ligaments.
anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL): main stabilizer during inversion.
plantar fascia
Pain on the plantar surface, usually at the calcaneal insertion of plantar fascia upon weight bearing, especially in the morning or on the initiation of walking after prolonged rest
