MSK

Question 1

serratus anterior is supplied by which nerve ?

Answer 1

long thoracic nerve

Question 2

shoulder abduction is responsible by which muscle ?
and which nerve ?

Answer 2

deltoid muscle
axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Question 3

what structure is divided in surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome ?

Answer 3

flexor retinaculum - cut in surgical decompression of CTS to release pressure on median nerve

Question 4

what is the most common cause of osteomyelitis ?

Answer 4

staph. aureus

Question 5

what are the most common mechanisms of injury to the axillary nerve ?

Answer 5

shoulder dislocation, fracture of the humeral neck, or as a complication of shoulder surgery

Question 6

osteomalacia blood results show:
- serum calcium
- serum phosphate
- serum alkaline phosphatase
- parathyroid hormone

Answer 6

serum calcium is LOW
serum phosphate is LOW
serum alkaline phosphatase is HIGH
parathyroid hormone is HIGH (secondary hyperparathyroidism)

x-rays may show osteopenia (more radiolucent bones)
DEXA scans show low bone mineral density

Question 7

patient develops loss of knee extension and sensory loss to anterior and medial aspect of the thigh following a stab injury. which nerve is most likely to be affected ?

Answer 7

femoral nerve

Question 8

what would a gout aspirate fluid show ?
- bacteria growth
- shaped crystals
- polarised light
- crystals

Answer 8

• no bacterial growth
• needle shaped crystals
• negatively birefringent of polarised light
• monosodium urate crystals

Question 9

what is radial nerve palsy ?

Answer 9

“saturday night palsy”, prolonged compression to the radial nerve (e.g. sleeping in chair with arm hanging over the side)

Question 10

FOOSH common nerve and muscle involvement

Answer 10

radial nerve
pollicis longus muscle

Question 11

anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is due to occlusion of what artery ?

Answer 11

posterior ciliary artery

Question 12

what is the most commonly sprained ligament in inversion injuries of the ankle ?

Answer 12

anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
or could be posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) and the calcaneofibular ligament

Question 13

which structures are the main contributors to the arterial supply of the femoral head ?

Answer 13

medial and lateral circumflex arteries (usually derived from the profunda femoris artery)

Question 14

reduced shoulder abduction following fractured neck of femur can also have what sign present ? (suspected axillary nerve injury)

Answer 14

loss of sensation over C5 dermatome

Question 15

if baby has breech presentation at birth what is this a risk factor of ?

Answer 15

developmental dysplasia of hip

Question 16

patient has reduced flexion and adduction of the wrist - what structure are these movements carried out by ? and what nerve is injured ?

Answer 16

structure - flexor carpi ulnaris
innervation - ulnar nerve

Question 17

pain and tenderness over anatomical snuffbox

Answer 17

likely scaphoid fracture (common injury following FOOSH)