MSK Flashcards
Genes related to RA
HLADR1 &4
Patho of Osteoarthritis
- loss of balance between cartilage degradation & chondrocytes
- loss of joint space as cartillage is lost
- exposed bone -. microfractures, cysts
- disordered bone repair -> abnormal sclerotic subchondral bone & overgrowths @ joint margins
Gene for OA
COL2A1 (collagen type 2)
Methotrexate SE
- teratogenic
- hepatotoxic
- mouth ulcer
- bone marrow supression, leukopenia, neutropenia
Osteoporosis is characterised by?
- low bone mass
- micro-architectural deterioration of bone
- w/ absence of a mineralisation defect
- increase in bone fragility & susceptibility in fractures
Bone mineral density definitions of osteoporosis vs osteopenia
Osteoporosis: more than 2.5 below norm
Osteopenia: 1-2.5 below
Some conditions tht can cause secondary osteoporosis?
Endo: Cushing’s, hyperthyroid, hyperPTH, T1DM, adrenal insufficiency
GI: malnutrient, Crohn’s,Coeliac’s
Haem: Multiple myeloma, Lymphoma, leukemia
Drugs: glucocorticoids, lithium, GnRH agonist
Other: immobilisation, physical inactivity, alcohol, smoking
Scan for osteoporosis
DEXA
Score for osteoporosis
Z-score
Risk assessment tool for osteoporosis
FRAX/ QFRACURE
SLE is a type what hypersensitivity
type 3
Patho of SLE
- cellular remnants from apoptotic cells aka autoantigens
- are taken up by APC & presented to T-lymphocytes
- > B-lymphocytes activate & autoantibodies are produced
- the failure to inactivate the lymphocytes tht respond to self-antigens causes circulating autoantibodies
- autoantibodies bind directly to tissue/ activate complement & influx of neutrophils -> inflammation
genes of SLE
HLADR2, HLADR3
infection commonly associated to SLE?
epstein barr virus
name 3 main skin presentation of SLE
- erythema in butterfly distribution on face
- photosensitive rash
- discoid rash (scaly)
1 kidney related presentation of SLE
-glomerulonephritis w/ persistent proteinuria
3 CNS presentation of SLE
- depression
- seizure
- psychosis
2 Eyes & 1 GI presentation of SLE
eye:
- conjunctivitis
- sjogren’s
GI:
-mouth ulcers
6 blood findings of SLE
- raised ESR, norm CRP
- Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)
- increase anti-dsDNA antibody
- C3 &c4 dscrease
- anti-smith antibody
- antihistone antibodies
2 conditions tht characterise antiphospholipid syndrome
- thrombosis
- miscarriage (recurrent)
- with positive blood test for aPL
3 lab findings for antiphospholipid syndrome
- anticardiotrpin antibody
- lupus anticoagulant
- anti beta2 glycoprotein-l antibodies
aPL causes CLOTs. what does CLOT stand for
C oagulation defect L ivedo reticularis (purple lace-like discolouration on skin) O bsteric issues T hrombocytopenia (low platelet)
Sjogren’s syndrome is caused by the immunologically mediated destruction of?
Epithelial exocrine glands esp lacrimal & salivary
Gene associated to Sjogren’s?
HLA-B8, HLADR3
