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Phase 2a > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Genes related to RA

A

HLADR1 &4

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2
Q

Patho of Osteoarthritis

A
  • loss of balance between cartilage degradation & chondrocytes
  • loss of joint space as cartillage is lost
  • exposed bone -. microfractures, cysts
  • disordered bone repair -> abnormal sclerotic subchondral bone & overgrowths @ joint margins
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3
Q

Gene for OA

A

COL2A1 (collagen type 2)

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4
Q

Methotrexate SE

A
  • teratogenic
  • hepatotoxic
  • mouth ulcer
  • bone marrow supression, leukopenia, neutropenia
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5
Q

Osteoporosis is characterised by?

A
  • low bone mass
  • micro-architectural deterioration of bone
  • w/ absence of a mineralisation defect
  • increase in bone fragility & susceptibility in fractures
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6
Q

Bone mineral density definitions of osteoporosis vs osteopenia

A

Osteoporosis: more than 2.5 below norm

Osteopenia: 1-2.5 below

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7
Q

Some conditions tht can cause secondary osteoporosis?

A

Endo: Cushing’s, hyperthyroid, hyperPTH, T1DM, adrenal insufficiency
GI: malnutrient, Crohn’s,Coeliac’s
Haem: Multiple myeloma, Lymphoma, leukemia
Drugs: glucocorticoids, lithium, GnRH agonist
Other: immobilisation, physical inactivity, alcohol, smoking

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8
Q

Scan for osteoporosis

A

DEXA

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9
Q

Score for osteoporosis

A

Z-score

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10
Q

Risk assessment tool for osteoporosis

A

FRAX/ QFRACURE

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11
Q

SLE is a type what hypersensitivity

A

type 3

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12
Q

Patho of SLE

A
  • cellular remnants from apoptotic cells aka autoantigens
  • are taken up by APC & presented to T-lymphocytes
  • > B-lymphocytes activate & autoantibodies are produced
  • the failure to inactivate the lymphocytes tht respond to self-antigens causes circulating autoantibodies
  • autoantibodies bind directly to tissue/ activate complement & influx of neutrophils -> inflammation
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13
Q

genes of SLE

A

HLADR2, HLADR3

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14
Q

infection commonly associated to SLE?

A

epstein barr virus

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15
Q

name 3 main skin presentation of SLE

A
  • erythema in butterfly distribution on face
  • photosensitive rash
  • discoid rash (scaly)
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16
Q

1 kidney related presentation of SLE

A

-glomerulonephritis w/ persistent proteinuria

17
Q

3 CNS presentation of SLE

A
  • depression
  • seizure
  • psychosis
18
Q

2 Eyes & 1 GI presentation of SLE

A

eye:
- conjunctivitis
- sjogren’s

GI:
-mouth ulcers

19
Q

6 blood findings of SLE

A
  • raised ESR, norm CRP
  • Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)
  • increase anti-dsDNA antibody
  • C3 &c4 dscrease
  • anti-smith antibody
  • antihistone antibodies
20
Q

2 conditions tht characterise antiphospholipid syndrome

A
  • thrombosis
  • miscarriage (recurrent)
  • with positive blood test for aPL
21
Q

3 lab findings for antiphospholipid syndrome

A
  • anticardiotrpin antibody
  • lupus anticoagulant
  • anti beta2 glycoprotein-l antibodies
22
Q

aPL causes CLOTs. what does CLOT stand for

A 
C oagulation defect
L ivedo reticularis (purple lace-like discolouration on skin)
O bsteric issues
T hrombocytopenia (low platelet)
23
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome is caused by the immunologically mediated destruction of?

A

Epithelial exocrine glands esp lacrimal & salivary

24
Q

Gene associated to Sjogren’s?

A

HLA-B8, HLADR3

25
Q

Main complication of Sjogren’s?

A

Non-hodgkins lymphoma

26
Q

Psoriatic arthritis xray changes (name 3)

A
  • pencil in cup
  • bony ankylosis
  • periositis
  • erosion at margin
  • osteolysis
  • dactylitis
27
Q

Gout xray findings (name 3)

A
  • maintained joint space
  • lytic lesions
  • punched out erosions : sclerotic boarders & overhanging edges
28
Q

pseudogout xray finding (1)

A

chondrocalcinosis (linear calcification parallel to articular surfaces)
-LOSS (like osteoarthritis)

29
Q

bacteria causing septic arthritis in ppl w/ proestheses?

A

streptococcus epidermis

30
Q

bacteria causing septic arthritis in native joints?

A

staphylococcus aureus

31
Q

bacteria causing septic arthritis in young adults – women and homosexuals

A

neisseria gonorrhoea

32
Q

osteomyelitis xrap findings (3)

A
  • bone loss
  • sequestra (dead bone)
  • involcrum(new bone growth)

Phase 2a (5 decks)

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