mse 200 exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Shear stress

A

σ = F / Ao

stress horizonally rather than vertically (tensile strength)

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1
Q

Tensile strength

A

σ = F/Ao

tensile strength = force / cross sectional area

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2
Q

Elastic deformation

A

Non permanent and reversable

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3
Q

yield strength

A

stress at which noticable plasic deformation has occured

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4
Q

plastic deformation

A

process in which the object due to applied force changes its size or shape in a way that is not reversible

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5
Q

Slip

A

Movement of dislocations in materials under applied stress and causes deformation

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6
Q

What affects slip

A
  • crystal structure of material
  • temperature of material
  • presence of barriers (grain boudnaries, point defects, impurities
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7
Q

what does introducing slip barriers do

A

strengthen material

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8
Q

Comparison of discolations and crystal sturctures

A

FCC: many close-packed planes/directions
HCP: only 1 plane, 3 directions
BCC: None

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9
Q

HCP has fewer slip planes and are more ____

A

brittle

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10
Q

Ductility

A

amount of plastic deformation at failure

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11
Q

ductility percent elongation

A

%EL = (lf-l0)/lo X 100

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12
Q

ductility percent reduction in area

A

%RA = (Ao-Af)/Ao x 100

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13
Q

resilience

A

ability of a material to absorb energy during elastic deformation

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14
Q

linear stress-strain curve formula

A

Ur = 1/2(σy)(ey)

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15
Q

Toughness

A

amount of energy absorbed before fracture

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16
Q

how to measure toughness

A

approximate area under the stress-strain cruve at fracture point

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17
Q

hardness

A

measure of resistnace to surface plastic deformation - dent or scratch

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18
Q

safety factor

A

σw = σy/N
σw = working stress: F/A
σy = yield strength

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19
Q

dislocation density

A

total dislocation length/unit volume

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20
Q

edge dislocation motion

A

dislocation line moves in the same direction as force, perpendicular to t

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21
Q

screw dislocation motion

A

perpendicular to force
if force is -> screw spins clockwise

22
Q

FCC slip system

A

slip plane: {111}
slip direction: (110)
number of slip systems: 12

23
Q

BCC slip system

A

slip plane: {110}
slip direction: (111)
number of slip systems: 12/24

24
more active slip systems means
more ductile material
25
required tensile strength to cause yielding
σy = Tcrss/Tr Tr = σcosλcosΦ
26
resolved shear stress
Tr = σcosλcosΦ
27
if resolved shear stress < critical resolved shear stress..
no yielding
28
what are the 3 primary strengthening mechanics
grain size reduction, solid solution strengthening, cold working
29
as %CW increases..
yield strength ( σy) increases tensile strength increases ductility decreaes
30
heating(annealing)
removes effects of cold working
31
3 annealing stages
Recovery, recrysallization, grain growth
32
annealing causes tensile strength to ____ and ductility to _____
decrease. increase
33
3 types of failure
fracture, fatigue, creep
33
fracture: brittle vs ductile
brittle: little or no plastic deformation, rapid crack propagation, fails without warning ductile: significant plastic deformation, slow crack propagation, fails with warning
34
stress at crack tip formula
σm = 2σo(a/Pt)^(1/2) σm = stress at crack tip σo = applied stress a = length of crack Pt = radius of curvature
35
a value for internal crack and external crack
2a and a
36
fracture toughness formula
Kc = Yσc*sqrt(pi*a) kc = fracture toughness Y = dimensionless parameter σc = critical stress a = crack length
37
fatigue failure
failure under lengthy period of repeated stress or strain cycling
38
3 general tecniques to improve fatigue life
1. reduce magnitude of mean stress 2. surface treatments 3. design changes
39
creep
measure deformation vs time at constant stress
40
3 stages of creep
1. primary creep 2. secondary creep 3. tertiary creep
41
primary creep slope ____ with time
decreases
42
secondary creep slope ____
constant with time
43
tertiary creep slope ____ with time
increases
44
time to rupture
T(C+logtr)=m T = temperature C = constant, normally 20 tr = time to failure (rupture( m = function of applied stress
45
eutectic
liquid transforms into 2 solids
46
eutectoid
one solid phase transforms into 2 other solid phases
47
peritectic
liquid and one solid phase transform to a second solid phase
48
austenite (y) to pearlite
slow cool
49
austenite (y) to bainite
moderate cool
50
austenite (y) to martensite
rapid quench
51
martensite to tempered martensite
reheat