MSE Flashcards
_________of a material have a profound influence on its properties and behavior.
Composition and the Structure
molecules that make the material (microscopic)
Composition
is a characteristic length or range of dimensions over which we are describing the properties of a material or the phenomena occurring in materials.
Length Scale
is a small crystal or the material within which the arrangement of atoms and repeats in a particular fashion in all three dimensions.
grain
solids short-range atomic arrangements
Amorphous
solids short-range and long-range arrangements
Crystalline
the arrangement of molecules inside the material (physical appearance)
Structure
structure of a materal at a macroscopic level where the length scale is ~ > 100, 00 nm.
Macrostructure
structure of material at a length-scale of ~10 to 1000 nm.
Microstructure
the structure and properties of materials at a nano-scale or (~length-scale1-100nm)
Nanostructure
- the atoms or ions show a particular order only over relatively short distance.
Short-range atomic arrangements,
includes atoms and their arrangements, which constitute the matter.
Atomic structure
a __________ is composed of a nucleus surrounded by electrons
atom
___________of an element is equal to the number of electrons or protons in each atom.
atomic number
equal to the average number of protons and neutrons
atomic mass
4 quantum numbers
Principle quantum number
Azimuthal quantum number
magnetic quantum number
spin quantum number
The energy level to which each electron belongs is determined by four quantum numbers.
Quantumn Numbers
________________are the numbers in an atom that assign electrons to discrete energy levels.
Quantum Numbers
___________________ is the number of electrons in an atom that participate in bonding or chemical reactions.
Valence
_____________describes the tendency of an atom to gain an electron.
Electronegativity
4 components of discipline on material science:
Processing
structure
Properties
performance
-composed of metals and non-metallic elements
-alloys are arranged in an orderly manner
-ferrous and non-ferrous
Metals
-compounds between metallic and non-metallic elements
-composed of nitrides, oxides and carbides
Ceramic
-Plastic and rubber materials
-Low densities
-Carbon based organic materials
Weaker that most materials
Polymer
-Composed of two or more materials
-Also incorporate the best characteristics of each of the components
-Has materials binder/ reinforcements
-Ex. Reinforced concrete, cork comp.,foam, aluminium honey comb, balsa, etc.
Composite
-Used in high-technology applications/ advanced materials
-Typically traditional material whose properties have been enhanced
-Classifies to : semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials and nano materials.
Advanced materials
