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msa Flashcards

1
Q

a person’s emotional and cognitive functioning. It should allow the person to function
socially and occupationally.

A

MENTAL STATUS

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2
Q

being aware of one’s own existence, feelings, and thoughts, and aware of the environment.
This is the most basic of mental status functions.

A

Consciousness

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3
Q

using voice to communicate one’s thoughts and feelings. The humanness of a person greatly
depends on his ability to communicate. Its loss has a great impact on the social dimension of a person’s life.

A

Language

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4
Q

deal with the prevailing feelings. Affect is a temporary expression of feelings or state of
mind, whereas, mood is more durable with a prolonged display of feelings that depict the whole emotional
life.

A

Mood and Affect

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5
Q

is the awareness of the outside world in relation to the self.

A

Orientation

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6
Q

is the power of concentration, the ability to focus on one specific thing without being distracted
by many environmental stimuli.

A

Attention

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7
Q

is the ability to lay down and store experiences and perceptions for later recall. Recent memory
evokes day-to-day event. Remote memory brings up year’s worth of experiences.

A

Memory

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8
Q

an awareness of objects through the five senses

A

Perceptions

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9
Q

what the person thinks — specific ideas, beliefs, use of words.

A

Thought Content

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10
Q

is the way a person thinks, the logical train of thought.

A

Thought Process

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11
Q

is pondering a deeper meaning beyond the concrete and literal.

A

Abstract Reasoning

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12
Q

COMPONENTS OF MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION :

ABCT

A

Appearance
Behavior
Cognitive functions
Thought processes and perceptions

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13
Q

patient’s ______ helps to indicate his emotional and mental status. Specifically,
take note of the following:

A

APPEARANCE

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14
Q

is erect and position is relaxed.

A

Posture

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15
Q

Abnormal Findings

A

sitting on edge of chair, curled in bed, tense muscles, darting watchful eyes, frowning, restless
pacing (indicates anxiety or hyperthyroidism)

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16
Q

Abnormal Findings

A

sitting slumped in chair, slow walk, dragging feet (indicate depression and some organic brain
disease)

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17
Q

ab. finding sa grooming

A

Inappropriate dress, poor hygiene, lack concern with appearance (indicates and
severe Alzheimer’s disease)

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18
Q

The patient is clean and well-groomed; hair is neat and clean; women have
moderate make-up or no make-up; men are shaved or beard or moustache is well groomed. Nails
are clean

A

Grooming and Hygiene

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19
Q

is appropriate for setting, season, age, gender, and social group. Clothing fits and is put on
appropriately

A

Dress

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20
Q

abf. dress

A

Provocative manner of dressing combined with bizarre makeup (indicates mental disorders like
schizophrenia, histrionic personality)

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21
Q

abf. dress

A

Inappropriate dress (wearing three layers of clothing on a warm day)

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22
Q

abf. level of consciousness

A

Lethargic (somnolent), obtunded (transitional state between lethargy and stupor), stuporous
(semi-coma), comatose (completely unconscious) (indicate neurologic disorders and systemic
conditions like hypoxia, hypoglycemia, overdose of medications, septicemia, hypovolemia)

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23
Q

patient is awake, alert, aware of stimuli from the environment and within
the self, and responds appropriately to stimuli.

A

Level of Consciousness

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24
Q

abf. facial expression

A

Flat, masklike facial expression (indicate depression and parkinsonism)

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25
Q

look if appropriate to the situation and changes appropriately with the topic.
There is comfortable eye contact unless precluded by cultural norm (eg. Direct eye contacts maybe
viewed as a sign of disrespect in some cultures)

A

Facial Expression

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26
Q

The patient completes sentences, occasionally pausing to think.

A

speech

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27
Q

The pace of conversation is moderate, and stream of talking is fluent.

A

speech

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28
Q

The patient makes laryngeal sounds effortlessly and share conversation appropriately

A

speech

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29
Q

Dysphonia (abnormal volume, pitch), monopolized interview, silent, secretive,
uncommunicative

A

abf. speech

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30
Q

Dysarthria (distorted speech), misuse of words, omits letters, syllables or words, repetitious
abnormal patterns (echolalia, neologism), word choice is effortless and appropriate to
educational level

A

abf. speech

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31
Q

judge by body language and facial expression and by asking directly, “How do you
feel today?”, or “How do you usually feel?

A

Mood and Affect

32
Q

– finding or failure in word search (aphasia)

A

Unduly long word abf. speech

33
Q

Wide mood swings (manic disorder), bizarre mood (schizophrenia), flat affect (blunted),
depersonalization (lack of ego boundaries), elation (joy and optimism, overconfidence,
increased motor activity), euphoria, ambivalence, lability, inappropriate affect

A

abf. mood and affecr

34
Q

t or f
The mood should be appropriate to the person’s place and condition and change appropriately with
topics. The person is willing to cooperate with the nurse.

A

f

35
Q

Easily distracted, irrelevant replies to questions, confusion

A

abf. cognitive attention span

36
Q

check the patient’s ability to concentrate by noting whether he or she completes a
thought without wandering. Note any distractibility or difficulty attending to you.

A

Attention Span

37
Q

oriented to three spheres (person, place and time)

A

Orientation

38
Q

Disorientation (delirium, dementia)

A

abf. orientation cognitive

39
Q

the Four Unrelated Words Test (a sensitive and valid memory test)
Procedure: Pick 4 words with different semantics and phonetic. Ask for recall after 5 minutes, then
at 10 minutes, and at 30 minutes. The normal response for patients under 60 years is an accurate
three-or-four word recall after a 5, 10, and 30-minute delay.

A

New Learning

40
Q

Impaired new learning (depression, anxiety)

A

abf. new learning

41
Q

Score of zero or one-word recall (Alzheimer’s)

A

abf. new learning

42
Q

Illogical, unrealistic thought processes, deviates from initial thought

A

abf. thought process

43
Q

ask yourself, “Does this patient make sense?”, “Can I follow what the patient is
saying?”… The way patient thinks should be logical, goal directed, coherent and relevant, and should
complete a thought.

A

Thought Process

44
Q

a patient exercises judgment if he or she can compare and evaluate the alternative in a
situation and reach an appropriate course of action.

A

Judgment

45
Q

round about expression, substituting a phrase when cannot think name of object

A

Circumlocution

46
Q

coining of new word; invented word has no real meaning except for the person

A

Neologism

47
Q

fabricates event to fill in memory gaps

A

Confabulation

48
Q

sudden interruption in train of thought, unable to complete sentence, seems related to
strong emotio

A

Blocking

49
Q

word choice based on sound, not meaning, includes non sense rhymes and puns

A

Clang Association

50
Q

imitation, repeats other’s words or phrases, often with a mumbling or mocking or
mechanical tone

A

Echolalia

51
Q

persistent repeating of verbal or motor response, even with varied stimuli

A

Perseveration

52
Q

incoherent mixture of words, phrases and sentences; illogical, disconnected

A

Word Salad

53
Q

abrupt change, rapid shifting from topic to topic, and practically continuous flow of
accelerated speech; topics usually have unrecognizable associations or are plays on words.

A

Flight of Ideas

54
Q

shifting from one topic to an unrelated topic; person seems unaware that
topics are unconnected

A

Loosening Associations -

55
Q

talks with excessive and unnecessary details, delays reaching point. Sentences
have a meaningful connection but are irrelevant.

A

Circumstantiality

56
Q

what the patient says should be consistent and logical

A

Thought Content

57
Q

misperception of an actual existing stimulus, by any sense

A

Illusion

58
Q

sensory perceptions for which there are no external stimuli; may affect any sense

A

Hallucination

59
Q

the patient should be consistently aware of reality. The perception should be congruent
with yours

A

Perceptions

60
Q

firm, false beliefs; irrational

A

Delusion

61
Q

unwanted, repetitive, purposeful act (ritual), drive to do it, behavior thought to
neutralize or prevent discomfort or some dreaded event

A

Compulsion

62
Q

unwanted, persistent thoughts or impulses; logic will not purge them from
consciousness

A

Obsession

63
Q

morbid worrying about his or her own health, feel sick with no actual basis for
that assumption

A

Hypochondriasis

64
Q

strong, persistent, irrational fear of an object or situation; feels driven to avoid it

A

Phobia

65
Q

when the patient expresses feelings of sadness, hopelessness, despair or
grief, it is important to assess any possible risk of physical harm to self.

A

Screen for Suicidal Thoughts

66
Q

t or f

It is quite difficult for beginning interviewer to question people about possible suicidal wishes. They
usually fear invading privacy and may have their own normal denial of death and suicide.
However, it is greater dangerous if this issue was not recognized and addressed. The patient may
succeed in implementing plans for suicide.

A

t

67
Q
  • Prior suicide attempts
  • Depression, hopelessness, social withdrawal, running away
  • Self-mutilation
  • Hypersomnia, insomnia
  • Slowed psychomotor activity
  • Anorexia
  • Verbal suicide messages (defeat, failure, worthlessness, loss, giving up, desire to kill self)
  • Death themes in art, jokes, writing, behaviors)
  • Saying goodbye (giving away valuable personal belongingness)
A

abf. Screen for Suicidal Thoughts

68
Q

Conduct even a brief examination of all older people admitted to the hospital.

A

Special Consideration when doing MSA of the Aging Adult:

69
Q

Assess Behavior - use Glasgow Coma Scale for LOC.

A

Special Consideration when doing MSA of the Aging Adult:

70
Q

Check sensory status before assessing any aspect of mental status. Vision and hearing changes due to
aging may alter alertness and leave the patient looking confused

A

Special Consideration when doing MSA of the Aging Adult:

71
Q

Use Set Test as supplemental MSE for people who are 65-85 years of age.

A

Special Consideration when doing MSA of the Aging Adult:

72
Q

persons in 8th decade two of four words recalled over five minutes. They will
improve their performance at 10 and 30 minutes after being reminded by verbal cues (eg. One word
was a color, a place to save money, a flower, used for administering medication into the eye)

A

New Learning

73
Q

consider patient as oriented when the patient is oriented to three spheres.

A

Orientations

74
Q

Ask the person to name 10 items in each four categories of sets
F – Fruits
A – Animals
C – Colors
T – Towns

A

Special Consideration when doing MSA of the Aging Adult:

75
Q

do not use the Set Test for patients with hearing impairment and those who can’t speak clearly.

A

Special Consideration when doing MSA of the Aging Adult:

76
Q

Do not hurry or prompt or coach the person
Each correct answer is 1 point. Maximum total score is 40. A score of over 25 means that the person
has no dementia. A score of less than 15 indicates dementia. Scores between 15 and 24 shows less
associatio

A

Special Consideration when doing MSA of the Aging Adult:

hass rle (1 decks)

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