MS2 - Community Based Prevention

Question 1

Learning outcomes:

Answer 1

• Identify the limitations of one-on-one chair-side oral health education
• describe the social determinants of health and discuss them in relation to oral health
• Define the common risk factor approach and discuss how it is relevant to oral health
• list the 5 principles of the Ottowa Charter of Health Promotion and provide examples of interventions for each step

Question 2

what are the traditional preventative approaches in a one-on-one clinical approach and what are the limitations of this?

Answer 2

Traditional one-on-one prevention includes chair-side counselling, topical fluoride tx, fissure sealants and encouraging regular attendance

This approach is based on the belief that improving a pt’s knowledge will change their behaviours. However, intervention at an individual level may produce short-term effects, but not long-term behavioural changes.

we need to recognise the limitations and advocate for a wider more effective population apporach

Question 3

What are some strategies to make oral health education programs effective? (4)

Answer 3

• efforts should be focused on children, involving ‘significant others’ (i.e. parents, carers, teachers)
• Should particularly target areas of need to address inequalities
• non-dental personnel involvement in primary care may help to pass on oral health knowledge → influence the population
• Address the oral health issues through the common risk factor approach - will reduce the burden on the govt by cutting costs

Question 4

How may you encourage your pts to undertake better OH through discussing the costs of procedures

Answer 4

Explain the significant differences in prices between checkups, cleans and dental x-rays

vs

extractions, RCT, restorations, crowns

Question 5

(not a question)

extent of financial barriers to dental tx:

Answer 5

Question 6

extent of Socio-economic implications for dental tx

Answer 6

Question 7

definition of social determinants of health

Answer 7

The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life.

these circumstances are shaped by the d_istribution of money, power and resources_ at the local, national and global level.

The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequalities - the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries.

Question 8

briefly explain the social gradient

Answer 8

The higher a person’s socio-economic position, the healthier they are

the lower a person’s socioeconomic position, the poorer their health is

Question 9

what are commercial determinants of health?

Answer 9

Strategies and approaches used by the private sector to promote products and choices that are detrimental to health

Question 10

What is the Common Risk Factor Approach and how is it relevant to oral health? + 1 example related to oral health

Answer 10

the common risk factor approach recognises that many chronic diseases share a set of common risk factors

eg. related to oral health - sugar intake → leads to caries, obesity, type II diabetes, etc.

Question 11

List the 5 principles of the Ottowa Charter, briefly explain each, give and example of each.

Answer 11

1. build healthy public policy - Place health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors and levels to make healthy choices easier.

Eg. water fluoridation, sugar-sweetened beverage tax, smoke-free environments.

2. Create supportive environments - Creating natural and built environments that are conducive to health.

eg. support healthy supermarket practices, promote access to safe drinking water, promote healthy fundraising options.

3. strengthen community actions - empower communities to set health priorities to improve health

eg. engage community support for water fluoridation, advocate for communities to have healthy and safe playgrounds

4. develop personal skills - develop personal and social development through provision of education, information and skills

eg. OHI, dietary advice, smoking cessation

5. reorient health services - refocus the health services to move toward health promotion

eg. Provide other professionals with smoking cessation advice and OHI training, advocate for programs where primary care-givers apply topical fluoride