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Lung Physiology > MS1 Test2 > Flashcards

MS1 Test2 Flashcards

1
Q

Apnea

A

Complete absence of spontaneous ventilation

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2
Q

eupnea

A

Normal spontaneous breathing

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3
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing that the individual is unaware of it

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4
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased volume/depth of breathing w/ or w/o increased frequency

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5
Q

Bradypnea

A

Decrease respiratory rate

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6
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid rate of breathing

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7
Q

Orthopnea

A

Dyspnea which occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up

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8
Q

Atelectasis

A

Pneumothorax
Air does not enter the pleura
Collapse of lung leads to medistinal shift to the side of collapse

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9
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Shifts away from the collapsed lung

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10
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

More and more air accumulates in the pleural cavity w/ each breath

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11
Q

Non tension pneumothorax

A

There is air in the pleural cavity but it does not accumulate w/ every breath

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12
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

A

W/o blunt force trauma or medical procedure

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13
Q

Non-spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Arising due to blunt force trauma or medical procedure

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14
Q

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax

A

w/o existing lung pathology

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15
Q

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Arising due to lung disease like COPD

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16
Q

Traumatic Pneumothorax

A

Blunt force traum, gun shot, car accident, knife stab

17
Q

Iatrogenic pneumothorax

A

Trauma due to medical procedure i.e. Pacemaker insertion

18
Q

Centrilobular Emphysema

A

Most common

Affects central portion
Central bronchioles are affected in superior part of lungs or lobes
Starts at the respiratory bronchioles and spreads peripherally.

19
Q

Panacina emphysema

A

Destroys entire alveolus uniformly and is predominantly in the lower half of the lungs

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency or Ritalin induced lung emphysema.

20
Q

Ritalin

A

Treat ADHD

Block pulmonary vessels and elevate pulmonary BP

Symptoms similar to panacinar emphysema.

21
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Volume of air inspired or expired w/ each breath

22
Q

Dead Space Volume

A

The air which a person breathes but is not used for gas exchange.
It fills respiratory passages like the nose, pharynx and trachea

150 mL

23
Q

Residual Volume

A

Amount of air in lungs which can’t be exhaled or pushed out of lungs.

1-2 L is normal

24
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Volume of air in the lungs after maximal inspiratory effort

6000mL

25
Q

Forced Vital Capacity

A

Amount of air that can be exhaled as quickly during forced exhalation

Normal is 4600 mL

26
Q

Forced Expiratory Effort in 1 second

A

FEV 1
Is the forced vital capacity in 1 second. Should be about 1-2 L.

Approximately 80% of FVC

27
Q

Functional Residual Capacity

A

FRC

VOlume of air when the natural inward recoil of the lung is equal to the natural outward recoil of chest wall.

2300mL is normal

Amount of gas present in the lungs when your mouth is open and your respiratory muscles are all relax.

28
Q

Which cannot be measured by spirometer?

A

Any value that has residual volume. you cannot exhale residual volume b/c it never comes out.

RV, FRC, and TLC

29
Q

What can be measured by spirometer

A

FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75%

30
Q

Obstructive diseases

A

Characterized by high airway resistance

31
Q

Restrictive disease

A

Characterized by low lung compliance or increased stiffness of the lung. There is also increased lung recoil. Cannot hold air as well.

32
Q

Asthma

A

Obstructive

Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by airflow obstruction and bronchospasm

33
Q

Bronchitis

A

Obstructive disorder
Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi that carries air from trachea to the lungs.
Upper airway disorder

34
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Obstructive disease
Genetic disease when sticky mucous builds up in the lungs and GI tract.
CF is due to a mutation in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein

35
Q

COPD

A

Obstructive disorder
Bronchitis and emphysema combined
Characterized by narrowing of the airways & shortness of breath

36
Q

Pulmonary/ alveolar fibrosis

A

Restrictive disease
Swelling and scarring of alveoli and interstitial tissues of the lungs.
Scar tissue replaces healthy tissue and inflames it. Can make the lung stiffer. Makes breathing more difficult

37
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Restrictive disorder
Collection of chronic inflammatory cells. They form ganulomas that build up in the lymph nodes or lungs.
The granulomas make the lungs stiffer.

38
Q

Silicosis

A

Similar to asbestosis
Restrictive disease
Scarring
Exposure to excess silica can make the lungs stiffer

39
Q

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

A

Presence of pulmonary nodules
Aka coin lesions in lungs
Make lungs less compliant b/c it increases stiffness

Lung Physiology (1 decks)

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