MS1 Test2

Question 1

Apnea

Answer 1

Complete absence of spontaneous ventilation

Question 2

eupnea

Answer 2

Normal spontaneous breathing

Question 3

Dyspnea

Answer 3

Difficulty breathing that the individual is unaware of it

Question 4

Hyperpnea

Answer 4

Increased volume/depth of breathing w/ or w/o increased frequency

Question 5

Bradypnea

Answer 5

Decrease respiratory rate

Question 6

Tachypnea

Answer 6

Rapid rate of breathing

Question 7

Orthopnea

Answer 7

Dyspnea which occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up

Question 8

Atelectasis

Answer 8

Pneumothorax
Air does not enter the pleura
Collapse of lung leads to medistinal shift to the side of collapse

Question 9

Pneumothorax

Answer 9

Shifts away from the collapsed lung

Question 10

Tension Pneumothorax

Answer 10

More and more air accumulates in the pleural cavity w/ each breath

Question 11

Non tension pneumothorax

Answer 11

There is air in the pleural cavity but it does not accumulate w/ every breath

Question 12

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Answer 12

W/o blunt force trauma or medical procedure

Question 13

Non-spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 13

Arising due to blunt force trauma or medical procedure

Question 14

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 14

w/o existing lung pathology

Question 15

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 15

Arising due to lung disease like COPD

Question 16

Traumatic Pneumothorax

Answer 16

Blunt force traum, gun shot, car accident, knife stab

Question 17

Iatrogenic pneumothorax

Answer 17

Trauma due to medical procedure i.e. Pacemaker insertion

Question 18

Centrilobular Emphysema

Answer 18

Most common

Affects central portion
Central bronchioles are affected in superior part of lungs or lobes
Starts at the respiratory bronchioles and spreads peripherally.

Question 19

Panacina emphysema

Answer 19

Destroys entire alveolus uniformly and is predominantly in the lower half of the lungs

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency or Ritalin induced lung emphysema.

Question 20

Ritalin

Answer 20

Treat ADHD

Block pulmonary vessels and elevate pulmonary BP

Symptoms similar to panacinar emphysema.

Question 21

Tidal Volume

Answer 21

Volume of air inspired or expired w/ each breath

Question 22

Dead Space Volume

Answer 22

The air which a person breathes but is not used for gas exchange.
It fills respiratory passages like the nose, pharynx and trachea

150 mL

Question 23

Residual Volume

Answer 23

Amount of air in lungs which can’t be exhaled or pushed out of lungs.

1-2 L is normal

Question 24

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 24

Volume of air in the lungs after maximal inspiratory effort

6000mL

Question 25

Forced Vital Capacity

Answer 25

Amount of air that can be exhaled as quickly during forced exhalation Normal is 4600 mL

Question 26

Forced Expiratory Effort in 1 second

Answer 26

FEV 1 Is the forced vital capacity in 1 second. Should be about 1-2 L. Approximately 80% of FVC

Question 27

Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 27

FRC VOlume of air when the natural inward recoil of the lung is equal to the natural outward recoil of chest wall. 2300mL is normal Amount of gas present in the lungs when your mouth is open and your respiratory muscles are all relax.

Question 28

Which cannot be measured by spirometer?

Answer 28

Any value that has residual volume. you cannot exhale residual volume b/c it never comes out. RV, FRC, and TLC

Question 29

What can be measured by spirometer

Answer 29

FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75%

Question 30

Obstructive diseases

Answer 30

Characterized by high airway resistance

Question 31

Restrictive disease

Answer 31

Characterized by low lung compliance or increased stiffness of the lung. There is also increased lung recoil. Cannot hold air as well.

Question 32

Asthma

Answer 32

Obstructive | Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by airflow obstruction and bronchospasm

Question 33

Bronchitis

Answer 33

Obstructive disorder Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi that carries air from trachea to the lungs. Upper airway disorder

Question 34

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 34

Obstructive disease Genetic disease when sticky mucous builds up in the lungs and GI tract. CF is due to a mutation in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein

Question 35

COPD

Answer 35

Obstructive disorder Bronchitis and emphysema combined Characterized by narrowing of the airways & shortness of breath

Question 36

Pulmonary/ alveolar fibrosis

Answer 36

Restrictive disease Swelling and scarring of alveoli and interstitial tissues of the lungs. Scar tissue replaces healthy tissue and inflames it. Can make the lung stiffer. Makes breathing more difficult

Question 37

Sarcoidosis

Answer 37

Restrictive disorder Collection of chronic inflammatory cells. They form ganulomas that build up in the lymph nodes or lungs. The granulomas make the lungs stiffer.

Question 38

Silicosis

Answer 38

Similar to asbestosis Restrictive disease Scarring Exposure to excess silica can make the lungs stiffer

Question 39

Wegener's Granulomatosis

Answer 39

Presence of pulmonary nodules Aka coin lesions in lungs Make lungs less compliant b/c it increases stiffness