MS1 Drugs Flashcards
Aspirin
Mech: Irreversible Cox-1,2 inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever, Inflammation, Antiplatelet
Adverse: GI upset, bleed, clot, delay labor, Close Ductus Arteriosus
Ibuprofen
Mech: Reversible Cox-1,2 inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever, Inflammation
Adverse: GI upset, bleed, clot, delay labor, Close Ductus Arteriosus
Naproxen
Mech: Reversible Cox-1,2 inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever, Inflammation
Adverse: GI upset, bleed, clot, delay labor, Close Ductus Arteriosus
Ketorolac
Mech: Reversible Cox-1,2 inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever,
Adverse: GI upset, bleed, clot, slow labor, Close Ductus Arteriosus
Acetaminophen
Mech: CNS Cox-2 inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever
Adverse: Hepatotoxicity
Celecoxib
Mech: Reversible Cox-2 Inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever, Inflammation
Adverse: Clot, delay labor, close Ductus Arteriosus
Penicillins
Penicillin G, Penicillin V
Mech: Cell Wall synthesis Inhibition Stage 3 (bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Exretion. V: Oral. G: IV/IM
Spectrum: Cocci: Gram + (Staph/Strep/Entero). Cocci: Gram - (Neisseria, M. Catarrhalis). Rods: Gram +. Anaerobes: most but bacteroides
Adverse: Anaphylaxis, rash, convulsions
Cephalosporins
Mech: Cell Wall synthesis inhibitor. Stage 3. (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion. PCNase resistant
Spectrum: Extended Spectrum
Adverse: allergy
Vancomycin
Mech: Cell Wall synthesis inhibitor. Stage 2. (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion.
Route: Poor oral.
Uses: Gram + Cocci. (MRSA/enterococci). Anaerobes (C. difficile).
Adverse: Chills/fever/rash, ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides
Mech: Protein Synthesis inhibition. Inhibits 30S subunit. Bactericidal
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion.
Route: IV/IM. Poor oral absorption.
Uses: Gram - Aerobes (Pseudomonas, E.coli)
Adverse: vestibular and auditory toxicity. Nephrotoxicity
Tetracyclines
Doxycycline / Minocycline
Mech: Protein Synthesis Inhibition: Inhibits 30S. Bacteriostatic.
Pharmacokinetics: non-renal excretion.
Route: Oral
Spectrum: Broad Spectrum -> (CA-MRSA). Atypical: Chlamydia, mycoplasma
Adverse: fungal superinfection, abnormal bone/tooth development, Drug-Drug Interactions. N/V/D`
Macrolides
Azithromycin
Mech: Protein Synthesis Inhibition. Inhibits 50S. (Bacteriostatic)
Pharmacokinetics: non-renal excretion.
Spectrum: Gram + Cocci/Rods. Atypical: (Mycoplasma, chlamydia)
Adverse: GI disturbance N/V/D. Drug-Drug interactions. (Not Azithromycin)
Lincomycins
Clindamycin
Mech: Protein Synthesis Inhibition. Inhibits 50S. (Bacteriostatic)
Pharmacokinetics: Non-renal Excretion. Penetrates bone.
Route: Oral. IV.
Spectrum: Cocci: gram +(CA-MRSA). Anaerobes.
Adverse: Severe Diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis.
Synthetic Agents (Chloramphenicol)
Mech: Protein Synthesis Inhibition. Inhibits 50S. (Bacteriostatic).
Pharmacokinetics: Glucouronidated. Distributes to CNS.
Route: Oral. IV.
Uses: Gram +/- Cocci (H.flu/Neisseria). anaerobes
Adverse: Bone Marrow Toxicity, Grey baby Syndrome, GI upset
Amphotericin B
(Anti-Fungal)
Mech: Binds Ergosterol forming pores in membrane
Uses: Broad Spectrum for system infections
Adverse: Fever/Chills. Nephrotoxicity. Anemia.
Triazoles
Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Posaconazole, Voriconazole
(Anti-Fungal - Ergosterol Synthesis Inhibitor)
Mech:
Uses: OP/esoph/vag Candidiasis
Adverse: GI upset. Inhibits p450
Terbinafine
(Anti-Fungal - Squalene synthesis Inhibitor)
Mech: inhibits squalene oxidase reducing ergosterol.
Uses: Onychomycosis of finger/toe nails
Adverse: Headache, diarrhea, rash, inhibits p450
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin
Mech: Cell Wall synthesis Inhibition. Stage 3. (bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion. Oral. PCNase sensitive
Spectrum: Rods: gram - (H.flu E.coli). Cocci: gram + (less than PCN)
Adverse: Diarrhea, superinfection (CDAD)
Piperacillin-Tazobactam
Mech: Cell Wall synthesis Inhibition. Stage 3. (bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion. IV only. PCNase sensitive
Spectrum: Pseudomonas, Bacteroides + anaerobes
Adverse: Diarrhea, superinfection(CDAD)
Imidazoles
Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole
(Anti-Fungal - Ergosterol Synthesis Inhibitor)
Mech: inhibits p450 Ergosterol synthesis
Uses: Systemic Infection. Oral/Vaginal Candidiasis
Adverse: Hepatotoxicity, N/V.
Cephalexin
Mech: Cell Wall synthesis inhibitor. Stage 3. (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion. PCNase resistant.
Route: Oral
Spectrum: Cocci: Gram + Rods: gram - (E. coli, proteus, Klebsiella)
Adverse: diarrhea
Cefdinir
Mech: Cell Wall synthesis inhibitor. Stage 3. (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion. PCNase resistant.
Route: Oral
Spectrum: Cocci: Gram + Rods: gram -
Adverse: Superinfection (CDAD)
Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone)
Mech: Inhitibion of DNA gyrase (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal excretion.
Route: Oral. IV.
Spectrum: Gram - (Pseudomonas, UTIs)
Adverse: GI upset, Superinfection, DDI with Theophylline and antacids.
Levofloxacin
Mech: Inhitibion of DNA gyrase (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal excretion.
Route: Oral. IV.
Spectrum: Gram +/- (Respiratory, UTIs)
Adverse: GI upset, Superinfection, DDI with Theophylline and antacids.
