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Pharmacology > MS1 Drugs > Flashcards

MS1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Aspirin

A

Mech: Irreversible Cox-1,2 inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever, Inflammation, Antiplatelet
Adverse: GI upset, bleed, clot, delay labor, Close Ductus Arteriosus

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2
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Mech: Reversible Cox-1,2 inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever, Inflammation
Adverse: GI upset, bleed, clot, delay labor, Close Ductus Arteriosus

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3
Q

Naproxen

A

Mech: Reversible Cox-1,2 inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever, Inflammation
Adverse: GI upset, bleed, clot, delay labor, Close Ductus Arteriosus

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4
Q

Ketorolac

A

Mech: Reversible Cox-1,2 inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever,
Adverse: GI upset, bleed, clot, slow labor, Close Ductus Arteriosus

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5
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Mech: CNS Cox-2 inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever
Adverse: Hepatotoxicity

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6
Q

Celecoxib

A

Mech: Reversible Cox-2 Inhibitor
Uses: Pain, Fever, Inflammation
Adverse: Clot, delay labor, close Ductus Arteriosus

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7
Q

Penicillins

Penicillin G, Penicillin V

A

Mech: Cell Wall synthesis Inhibition Stage 3 (bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Exretion. V: Oral. G: IV/IM
Spectrum: Cocci: Gram + (Staph/Strep/Entero). Cocci: Gram - (Neisseria, M. Catarrhalis). Rods: Gram +. Anaerobes: most but bacteroides
Adverse: Anaphylaxis, rash, convulsions

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8
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Mech: Cell Wall synthesis inhibitor. Stage 3. (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion. PCNase resistant
Spectrum: Extended Spectrum
Adverse: allergy

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9
Q

Vancomycin

A

Mech: Cell Wall synthesis inhibitor. Stage 2. (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion.
Route: Poor oral.
Uses: Gram + Cocci. (MRSA/enterococci). Anaerobes (C. difficile).
Adverse: Chills/fever/rash, ototoxicity

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Mech: Protein Synthesis inhibition. Inhibits 30S subunit. Bactericidal
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion.
Route: IV/IM. Poor oral absorption.
Uses: Gram - Aerobes (Pseudomonas, E.coli)
Adverse: vestibular and auditory toxicity. Nephrotoxicity

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11
Q

Tetracyclines

Doxycycline / Minocycline

A

Mech: Protein Synthesis Inhibition: Inhibits 30S. Bacteriostatic.
Pharmacokinetics: non-renal excretion.
Route: Oral
Spectrum: Broad Spectrum -> (CA-MRSA). Atypical: Chlamydia, mycoplasma
Adverse: fungal superinfection, abnormal bone/tooth development, Drug-Drug Interactions. N/V/D`

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12
Q

Macrolides

Azithromycin

A

Mech: Protein Synthesis Inhibition. Inhibits 50S. (Bacteriostatic)
Pharmacokinetics: non-renal excretion.
Spectrum: Gram + Cocci/Rods. Atypical: (Mycoplasma, chlamydia)
Adverse: GI disturbance N/V/D. Drug-Drug interactions. (Not Azithromycin)

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13
Q

Lincomycins

Clindamycin

A

Mech: Protein Synthesis Inhibition. Inhibits 50S. (Bacteriostatic)
Pharmacokinetics: Non-renal Excretion. Penetrates bone.
Route: Oral. IV.
Spectrum: Cocci: gram +(CA-MRSA). Anaerobes.
Adverse: Severe Diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis.

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14
Q

Synthetic Agents (Chloramphenicol)

A

Mech: Protein Synthesis Inhibition. Inhibits 50S. (Bacteriostatic).
Pharmacokinetics: Glucouronidated. Distributes to CNS.
Route: Oral. IV.
Uses: Gram +/- Cocci (H.flu/Neisseria). anaerobes
Adverse: Bone Marrow Toxicity, Grey baby Syndrome, GI upset

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15
Q

Amphotericin B

A

(Anti-Fungal)
Mech: Binds Ergosterol forming pores in membrane
Uses: Broad Spectrum for system infections
Adverse: Fever/Chills. Nephrotoxicity. Anemia.

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16
Q

Triazoles

Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Posaconazole, Voriconazole

A

(Anti-Fungal - Ergosterol Synthesis Inhibitor)
Mech:
Uses: OP/esoph/vag Candidiasis
Adverse: GI upset. Inhibits p450

17
Q

Terbinafine

A

(Anti-Fungal - Squalene synthesis Inhibitor)
Mech: inhibits squalene oxidase reducing ergosterol.
Uses: Onychomycosis of finger/toe nails
Adverse: Headache, diarrhea, rash, inhibits p450

18
Q

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin

A

Mech: Cell Wall synthesis Inhibition. Stage 3. (bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion. Oral. PCNase sensitive
Spectrum: Rods: gram - (H.flu E.coli). Cocci: gram + (less than PCN)
Adverse: Diarrhea, superinfection (CDAD)

19
Q

Piperacillin-Tazobactam

A

Mech: Cell Wall synthesis Inhibition. Stage 3. (bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion. IV only. PCNase sensitive
Spectrum: Pseudomonas, Bacteroides + anaerobes
Adverse: Diarrhea, superinfection(CDAD)

20
Q

Imidazoles

Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole

A

(Anti-Fungal - Ergosterol Synthesis Inhibitor)
Mech: inhibits p450 Ergosterol synthesis
Uses: Systemic Infection. Oral/Vaginal Candidiasis
Adverse: Hepatotoxicity, N/V.

21
Q

Cephalexin

A

Mech: Cell Wall synthesis inhibitor. Stage 3. (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion. PCNase resistant.
Route: Oral
Spectrum: Cocci: Gram + Rods: gram - (E. coli, proteus, Klebsiella)
Adverse: diarrhea

22
Q

Cefdinir

A

Mech: Cell Wall synthesis inhibitor. Stage 3. (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal Excretion. PCNase resistant.
Route: Oral
Spectrum: Cocci: Gram + Rods: gram -
Adverse: Superinfection (CDAD)

23
Q

Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone)

A

Mech: Inhitibion of DNA gyrase (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal excretion.
Route: Oral. IV.
Spectrum: Gram - (Pseudomonas, UTIs)
Adverse: GI upset, Superinfection, DDI with Theophylline and antacids.

24
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Mech: Inhitibion of DNA gyrase (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: Renal excretion.
Route: Oral. IV.
Spectrum: Gram +/- (Respiratory, UTIs)
Adverse: GI upset, Superinfection, DDI with Theophylline and antacids.

25
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Mech: Reduced in cell to intermediates that damage bacterial DNA. (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: rapid GI absorption, rapid renal excretion.
Spectrum: UTIs
Adverse: GI side effects

26
Q

Metronidazole

A

Mech: Reduced in cell to active form interfering with DNA function. (Bactericidal)
Pharmacokinetics: non-renal metabolism.
Spectrum: anaerobics (C. diff) protozoa (trichomoniasis, amebiasis, giardiasis)
Adverse: GI distress, nausea, headache, candidal superinfection.

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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