ms - vocab test 2

Question 1

contract to produce movement **unique

Answer 1

contractility

Question 2

respond to stimuli

Answer 2

irritability

Question 3

antagonistic relationship exists between muscle pairs, one contracts and the opposing muscle extends. (biceps & triceps)

Answer 3

extensibility

Question 4

can return to their original shape when relaxed

Answer 4

elasticity

Question 5

a. involuntary
b. found in the walls of organs
c. responsible for the movements that force food through the digestive tube
d. can remain contracted the longest

Answer 5

smooth muscle tissue

Question 6

a. involuntary
b. some striations (stripes)
c. found only in the heart
d. does not fatigue (thank goodness! J )
e. contains intercalated discs

Answer 6

cardiac muscle tissue

Question 7

a. has striations
b. voluntary: controlled consciously
c. attached to bones for movement of limbs
d. quickest response to stimuli
e. protective
f. quickest to fatigue

Answer 7

skeletal muscle tissue

Question 8

move from one place to another, like walking

Answer 8

locomotion

Question 9

connective tissue that covers and binds the muscle fiber (muscle cell)

Answer 9

endomysium

Question 10

a covering of connective tissue that binds the muscle together in a big bundle

Answer 10

epimysium

Question 11

connective tissue that covers and binds the fascicles

Answer 11

perimysium

Question 12

bundles of muscle fibers

Answer 12

fascicles

Question 13

separates muscles

Answer 13

tendons and fascia

Question 14

muscle cell

Answer 14

muscle fiber =

Question 15

1-2 microns in diameter these make up the striations or stripes; lie parallel to each other; extend the length of the fiber.

Answer 15

myofibrils

Question 16

thin myofilament

Answer 16

actin (acTIN)

Question 17

thick myofilament; actin and myosin overlap.

Answer 17

myosin

Question 18

organized structures in muscle cells that contain the proteins actin and myosin

Answer 18

myofilaments

Question 19

These myofilaments are arranged in repeated units called

Answer 19

sarcomere

Question 20

When a muscle contracts, the myosin and actin slide over each other, actin is attached to the z lines; they slide inward pulling the z lines toward each other then the muscle fibers contract.

Answer 20

sliding filament theory

Question 21

a. one muscle fiber is one muscle cell
b. it is the contractile unit of muscle
c. it is cylindrical and surrounded by a membrane called sarcolemma.

Answer 21

muscle fiber

Question 22

the plasma membrane of the muscle cell

Answer 22

sarcolemma

Question 23

contains many, many mitochondria and many myofibrils.

Answer 23

sarcoplasm

Question 24

a. Producing body movements
b. Stabilizing body positions
c. Regulating organ volume
d. Moving substances within the body
e. Produce heat

Answer 24

functions of muscles

Question 25

a system of channels and tubes that help in activating fiber contraction when nerves stimulate muscles to shorten.

Answer 25

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

a. the neuromuscular Junction
b. neurotransmitters
c. motor unit

Answer 26

parts that make muscles work

Question 27

the union between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber

Answer 27

the neuromuscular junction

Question 28

chemicals that diffuse across the gap between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber bringing stimuli to muscle fiber, contraction then occurs.

Answer 28

neurotransmitters

Question 29

all the muscle fibers associated with and stimulated by one motor neuron

Answer 29

motor unit

Question 30

the smaller the number of muscle fibers in a motor unit, the finer the movements (eyes and fingers)

Answer 30

fine motor function

Question 31

large number of muscle fibers in a motor unit produce strength or large movements, as in the leg

Answer 31

gross motor function

Question 32

creatine phosphate (CP)
anaerobic cellular respiration (w/o oxygen)
aerobic cellular respiration (w/oxygen)

Answer 32

provides ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for muscle energy

Question 33

break down carbohydrates for energy: build-up causes pain

Answer 33

lactic acid

Question 34

rigidity of death: calcium ions leak out of the sarcoplasm causing stiffness of muscles. It begins 3-4 hours after death, lasts about 24 hours and disappears as enzymes digest.

Answer 34

rigor mortis

Question 35

spasmodic, painful, involuntary muscle contractions, usually occur after exercise, during sleep. Painful because the muscle does not relax completely.

Answer 35

muscle cramps

Question 36

sustained tension in muscles, muscles are firm but do not contract: muscles in the back and neck hold up your head, keep posture

Answer 36

muscle tone (tonus)

Question 37

tightening, shortening, lengthening of muscles

Answer 37

muscle contraction

Question 38

increase in size of skeletal muscle cells (ex. lifting weights)

Answer 38

muscle hypertrophy

Question 39

decrease in size of skeletal muscle cells (ex. paralysis of limbs)

Answer 39

muscle atrophy

Question 40

small structures in a cell that are found in the cytoplasm (fluid that surrounds the cell nucleus)

Answer 40

mitochondria

Question 41

a series of wavelike muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Answer 41

peristalsis