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MedSurg2 > MS Vocab > Flashcards

MS Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Atonic

A

Without tone; denervated muscle that atrophies

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2
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in the size of a muscle

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3
Q

Bursa

A

Fluid-filled sac found in connective tissue, usually in the area of joints

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4
Q

callus

A

cartilaginous/fibrous tissue att he fracture site

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5
Q

cancellous bone

A

Latticelike bone structure; trabecular bone

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6
Q

cartilage

A

Tought, elastic, avascular tissue at the ends of bone

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7
Q

clonus

A

Rhythmic contractions of a muscle

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8
Q

contracture

A

Abnormal shortening of muscle, joint, or both; fibrosis

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9
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact bone

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10
Q

crepitus

A

Grating or crackling sound or sensation; may occur with movement of ends of a broken bone or irregular joint surface

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11
Q

diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bone

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12
Q

effusion

A

Excess fluid in join

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13
Q

endosteum

A

A thin, vascular membrane covering the marrow cavity of long bones and the spaces in cancellous bone

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14
Q

fascia

A

Fibrous tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles (synonym: epimysium)

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15
Q

fasciculation

A

Involuntary twitch of muscle fibers

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16
Q

flaccid

A

Limp; without muscle tone

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17
Q

hypertrophy

A

Enlargement; increase in the size of a muscle

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18
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle tension is increased without changing its length; there is no associated joint motion

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19
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Muscle is shortened without a change in its tension; a joint is moved as a result

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20
Q

joint

A

Area where bone ends meet; provides for motion and flexibility

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21
Q

Joint capsule

A

Fibrous tissue that encloses bone ends and other joint surfaces

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22
Q

kyphosis

A

Increase in the convex curvature of the thoracic spine

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23
Q

lamellae

A

Mature compact bone structures that form concentric rings of bone matrix; lamellar bone

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24
Q

ligament

A

Ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils connecting bones

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25
Q

lordosis

A

Increase in concave curvature of the lumbar spine

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26
Q

ossification

A

Process in which minerals (calcium) are deposited in bone matrix

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27
Q

osteoblast

A

Bone-forming cell

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28
Q

osteoclast

A

Bone resorption cell

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29
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cell

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30
Q

osteogenesis

A

bone formation

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31
Q

osteon

A

microscopic functional bone unit

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32
Q

osteopenic

A

refers to a reduction in bone mass to below normal levels

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33
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation (bruning, tingling, numbness) fibrous connective tissue covering bone

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34
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous connective tissue covering bone

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35
Q

remodeling

A

process that ensures bone maintenance through simulation bone resorption and formation

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36
Q

resorption

A

removal / destruction of tissue suhc as bone

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37
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curving of the spines

38
Q

spastic

A

having greater than normal muscle tone

39
Q

synovium

A

membrane in the joint that secretes lubricating fluid

40
Q

tendon

A

cord of fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone

41
Q

tone

A

normal tension (resistance to stretch) in resting muscle (tonus)

42
Q

trabeculae

A

latticelike bone structure: cancellous bone

43
Q

abduction

A

Movement away from the center or median line of the body

44
Q

adduction

A

Movement toward the center or median line of the body

45
Q

arthroplasty

A

Surgical replacement of a joint

46
Q

Avascular necrosis

A

Death of tissue due to insufficient blood supply

47
Q

bursitis

A

Inflammation of a fluid-filled sac in a joint

48
Q

contracture

A

Abnormal shortening of muscle or fibrosis of joint structures

49
Q

Heterotopic ossification

A

Misplaced formation of bone

50
Q

involucrum

A

New bone growth around a sequestrum

51
Q

osteolysis

A

Lysis of bone from inflammatory reaction against polyethylene particulate debris

52
Q

osteopenia

A

Low mineral density

53
Q

osteophyte

A

A bony outgrowth or protuberance; bone spur

54
Q

osteoporosis

A

Degenerative disease of the bone characterized by reduced mass, deterioration of matrix, and diminished architectural strength

55
Q

osteotomy

A

Surgical cutting of bone

56
Q

radiculopathy

A

Disease of a spinal nerve root, often resulting in pain and extreme sensitivity to touch

57
Q

sciatica

A

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve, resulting in pain and tenderness along the nerve through the thigh and leg

58
Q

sequestrum

A

Dead bone in abscess cavity

59
Q

Subchondral bone

A

Bony plate that supports the articular cartilage

60
Q

tendonitis

A

Inflammation of muscle tendons

61
Q

allograft

A

Tissue harvested from a donor for use in another person

62
Q

amputation

A

Removal of a body part, usually a limb or part of a limb

63
Q

arthoscope

A

Surgical scope inserted into a joint to examine or repair

64
Q

autograft

A

Tissue harvested from one area of the body and used for transplantation to another area of the same body

65
Q

Avascular necrosis (AVN)

A

Death of tissue secondary to a decrease or lack of perfusion; also called osteonecrosis

66
Q

brace

A

Externally applied device to support the body or a body part, control movement, and prevent injury

67
Q

cast

A

Rigid external immobilizing device molded to contours of body part

68
Q

contusion

A

Blunt force injury to soft tissue (synonym: bruise)

69
Q

crepitus

A

A grating sound or sensation made by rubbing bony fragments together

70
Q

debridement

A

Surgical removal of contaminated and devitalized tissues and foreign material

71
Q

Delayed union

A

Prolongation of expected healing time for a fracture

72
Q

disarticulation

A

Amputation through a joint

73
Q

External fixator

A

External metal frame attached to bone fragments to stabilize them

74
Q

fracture

A

A break in the continuity of a bone

75
Q

Fracture reduction

A

Restoration of fracture fragments into anatomic alignment

76
Q

Heterotopic ossification

A

Misplaced formation of bone

77
Q

malunion

A

Healing of a fractured bone in a malaligned position

78
Q

Neurovascular status

A

Assessment of the neurologic (motor and sensory components)

79
Q

nonunion

A

Failure of fractured bones to heal together

80
Q

osteomyelitis

A

Infection of the bone

81
Q

paresthesia

A

An abnormal sensation of tingling or numbness or burning

82
Q

Phantom limb pain

A

Pain perceived in an amputated section

83
Q

RICE

A

Acronym for rest, ice, compression, elevation

84
Q

sling

A

Bandage used to support an arm

85
Q

splint

A

Device designed specifically to support and immobilize a body part in a desired position

86
Q

sprain

A

An injury to ligaments and muscles and other soft tissues at a joint

87
Q

strain

A

A musculotendinous stress injury

88
Q

subluxation

A

Partial separation of joint surfaces

89
Q

traction

A

Application of a pulling force to a part of the body

90
Q

trapeze

A

Overhead assistive device to promote patient mobility in bed

MedSurg2 (1 decks)

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