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MedSurg2 > MS Vocab > Flashcards

MS Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Atonic

A

Without tone; denervated muscle that atrophies

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2
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in the size of a muscle

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3
Q

Bursa

A

Fluid-filled sac found in connective tissue, usually in the area of joints

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4
Q

callus

A

cartilaginous/fibrous tissue att he fracture site

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5
Q

cancellous bone

A

Latticelike bone structure; trabecular bone

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6
Q

cartilage

A

Tought, elastic, avascular tissue at the ends of bone

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7
Q

clonus

A

Rhythmic contractions of a muscle

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8
Q

contracture

A

Abnormal shortening of muscle, joint, or both; fibrosis

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9
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact bone

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10
Q

crepitus

A

Grating or crackling sound or sensation; may occur with movement of ends of a broken bone or irregular joint surface

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11
Q

diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bone

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12
Q

effusion

A

Excess fluid in join

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13
Q

endosteum

A

A thin, vascular membrane covering the marrow cavity of long bones and the spaces in cancellous bone

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14
Q

fascia

A

Fibrous tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles (synonym: epimysium)

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15
Q

fasciculation

A

Involuntary twitch of muscle fibers

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16
Q

flaccid

A

Limp; without muscle tone

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17
Q

hypertrophy

A

Enlargement; increase in the size of a muscle

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18
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle tension is increased without changing its length; there is no associated joint motion

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19
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Muscle is shortened without a change in its tension; a joint is moved as a result

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20
Q

joint

A

Area where bone ends meet; provides for motion and flexibility

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21
Q

Joint capsule

A

Fibrous tissue that encloses bone ends and other joint surfaces

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22
Q

kyphosis

A

Increase in the convex curvature of the thoracic spine

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23
Q

lamellae

A

Mature compact bone structures that form concentric rings of bone matrix; lamellar bone

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24
Q

ligament

A

Ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils connecting bones

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25
lordosis
Increase in concave curvature of the lumbar spine
26
ossification
Process in which minerals (calcium) are deposited in bone matrix
27
osteoblast
Bone-forming cell
28
osteoclast
Bone resorption cell
29
osteocyte
mature bone cell
30
osteogenesis
bone formation
31
osteon
microscopic functional bone unit
32
osteopenic
refers to a reduction in bone mass to below normal levels
33
paresthesia
abnormal sensation (bruning, tingling, numbness) fibrous connective tissue covering bone
34
periosteum
fibrous connective tissue covering bone
35
remodeling
process that ensures bone maintenance through simulation bone resorption and formation
36
resorption
removal / destruction of tissue suhc as bone
37
scoliosis
lateral curving of the spines
38
spastic
having greater than normal muscle tone
39
synovium
membrane in the joint that secretes lubricating fluid
40
tendon
cord of fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone
41
tone
normal tension (resistance to stretch) in resting muscle (tonus)
42
trabeculae
latticelike bone structure: cancellous bone
43
abduction
Movement away from the center or median line of the body
44
adduction
Movement toward the center or median line of the body
45
arthroplasty
Surgical replacement of a joint
46
Avascular necrosis
Death of tissue due to insufficient blood supply
47
bursitis
Inflammation of a fluid-filled sac in a joint
48
contracture
Abnormal shortening of muscle or fibrosis of joint structures
49
Heterotopic ossification
Misplaced formation of bone
50
involucrum
New bone growth around a sequestrum
51
osteolysis
Lysis of bone from inflammatory reaction against polyethylene particulate debris
52
osteopenia
Low mineral density
53
osteophyte
A bony outgrowth or protuberance; bone spur
54
osteoporosis
Degenerative disease of the bone characterized by reduced mass, deterioration of matrix, and diminished architectural strength
55
osteotomy
Surgical cutting of bone
56
radiculopathy
Disease of a spinal nerve root, often resulting in pain and extreme sensitivity to touch
57
sciatica
Inflammation of the sciatic nerve, resulting in pain and tenderness along the nerve through the thigh and leg
58
sequestrum
Dead bone in abscess cavity
59
Subchondral bone
Bony plate that supports the articular cartilage
60
tendonitis
Inflammation of muscle tendons
61
allograft
Tissue harvested from a donor for use in another person
62
amputation
Removal of a body part, usually a limb or part of a limb
63
arthoscope
Surgical scope inserted into a joint to examine or repair
64
autograft
Tissue harvested from one area of the body and used for transplantation to another area of the same body
65
Avascular necrosis (AVN)
Death of tissue secondary to a decrease or lack of perfusion; also called osteonecrosis
66
brace
Externally applied device to support the body or a body part, control movement, and prevent injury
67
cast
Rigid external immobilizing device molded to contours of body part
68
contusion
Blunt force injury to soft tissue (synonym: bruise)
69
crepitus
A grating sound or sensation made by rubbing bony fragments together
70
debridement
Surgical removal of contaminated and devitalized tissues and foreign material
71
Delayed union
Prolongation of expected healing time for a fracture
72
disarticulation
Amputation through a joint
73
External fixator
External metal frame attached to bone fragments to stabilize them
74
fracture
A break in the continuity of a bone
75
Fracture reduction
Restoration of fracture fragments into anatomic alignment
76
Heterotopic ossification
Misplaced formation of bone
77
malunion
Healing of a fractured bone in a malaligned position
78
Neurovascular status
Assessment of the neurologic (motor and sensory components)
79
nonunion
Failure of fractured bones to heal together
80
osteomyelitis
Infection of the bone
81
paresthesia
An abnormal sensation of tingling or numbness or burning
82
Phantom limb pain
Pain perceived in an amputated section
83
RICE
Acronym for rest, ice, compression, elevation
84
sling
Bandage used to support an arm
85
splint
Device designed specifically to support and immobilize a body part in a desired position
86
sprain
An injury to ligaments and muscles and other soft tissues at a joint
87
strain
A musculotendinous stress injury
88
subluxation
Partial separation of joint surfaces
89
traction
Application of a pulling force to a part of the body
90
trapeze
Overhead assistive device to promote patient mobility in bed

MedSurg2 (1 decks)

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