MS - Soft Tissue and Sport Related Injuries

Question 1

strains & sprains

Answer 1

• caused by sports related injuries or accidents at any time
• ankle sprains most frequent (40% of the time)
• anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear: most common in women > knock-knee, less muscular strength, more knee flexibility

Question 2

strain: pathophysiology

Answer 2

• tearing or stretching of muscle or tendon tissue
• overextension, overexertion, overstretching
• first-degree (mild): minimal inflammation & pain
• second-degree (moderate): tearing of the muscle and tendon fibers; pain & muscle spasms; extensive inflammation & ecchymosis
• third-degree (severe): rupture of muscle or tendon; considerable internal bleeding, pain, inflammation, ecchymosis; surgical repair

Question 3

sprain pathophysiology

Answer 3

• stretching or tearing of ligaments
• overextension, overexertion, overstretching
• first-degree (mild): minimal edema & pain
• second-degree (moderate): tearing of ligament fibers; swelling, ecchymosis, pain, altered weight-bearing mobility
• third-degree (severe): complete tearing of ligament; unable to ambulate; severe pain, ecchymosis, & edema; surgical repair

Question 4

strain/sprain medical management

Answer 4

• diagnosed based on H&P and physical examination: x-ray, US, MRI may confirm
• first- & second- degree strains and sprains: R-rest the extremity for 3 days; I-ice applied no longer than 30 minutes 3-5x/day for the first 2-3 days after injury (vasoconstriction, decreases bleeding and fluid collection); C-compression through pressure dressing to minimize swelling (maintain neurovascular function); E-elevate affected area to reduce dependent swelling
• NSAIDS: decrease pain and inflammation
• third-degree: surgically reattach via sutures or grafts

Question 5

strain/sprain complications

Answer 5

• chronically unstable joint: alter mobility and function of client, increase risk of repeated injuries > surgical repair
• compartment syndrome

Question 6

strain/sprain nursing management

Answer 6

• assess: H&P and physical assessment; 6 P’s > pain, pulse, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, pressure
• actions: RICE
• education: complications, RICE

Question 7

dislocation and subluxations

Answer 7

• subluxation: bone partially out of socket
• dislocation: bone completely out of socket
• symptoms for both: pain and swelling
• pathophysiology: hyperextension/pulling, or varus/valgus stress (do not perform)
• treatment: dislocation > urgent care/ED sedation and relocation; repeated dislocation or subluxation-surgical repair
• prevention: PT to strengthen muscle preventing recurrence

Question 8

muscle contusions

Answer 8

• second most common sports related injury after strains
• symptoms: pain, swelling, restricted movement
• pathophysiology: portion of muscle ruptures-hematoma present, ‘pop’ sound
• treatment: non weight-bearing, surgical repair in severe cases
• prevention: education proper body mechanics; strength