MS Respiratory Flashcards
Asthma Patho
Airway inflammation leads to bronchospasm
Risk factors of asthma
- Tobacco smoke
- More prevalent in developed countries
Asthma impact on overall health
- Interference with airflow causes increased fatigue
- Increased anxiety, depression, and stress
- Missing school/work
Manifestations of asthma
- Wheezing
- Coughing: producing mucous or dry cough
- Chest tightness
- Dyspnea
Role of nurse for asthma
- Remove from source of allergen
- Reduce anxiety
- Administer short-acting inhaler as prescribed
Lab/diagnostic tests for asthma
- ABGs
- Chest x-ray
- CBC
Status asthmaticus
- Rapid onset of severe asthma
- Potential acute ventilatory failure/death
Status asthmaticus manifestations
- Extreme SOB
- Chest tightness
- Confusion
- Cyanosis
Status asthmaticus role of nurse
- Continuous monitoring (spO2)
- Administer short-acting Beta-2 Agonist and corticosteroids
Obstructive sleep apnea
Nasopharyngeal tissue contraction that causes airway obstruction
The greatest risk factor of sleep apnea is…
Obesity, more common in males
OSA impact on overall health
- Systemic HTN, cardiac arrhythmias, HF, stroke
- Motor vehicle accidents d/t daytime drowsiness
- Depression
OSA manifestations
- Snoring
- Breathing ceases for 10s or longer
- Daytime sleepiness
(polysomnographic/sleep study can be done to confirm)
OSA role of nurse
- Compliance with CPAP at night
- Avoid risk factors: smoking, alcohol, and sedatives
- Educate about skin breakdown, how to take mask off
- Use distilled water at home
COPD
- Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- Airway abnormalities
Etiology of COPD
Exposure to cigarette smoke, occupational exposure
COPD clients are at risk for…
- Pneumonia and respiratory failure
- Poor health status and decreased physical activity
Manifestations of COPD
- Exertional dyspnea, chronic cough with sputum production
- Wheezing and chest tightness
- Barrel chest and weight loss
COPD lab testing and diagnostic studies
- Spirometry
- CAPTURE questionnaire
Pneumonia
Bacterial or viral lung infection from typical or atypical organisms
Pneumonia epidemiology
- Increased in older adults
- Chronic lung disease
An immunocompromised client is susceptible to…
Pneumonia and opportunistic infections
Manifestations of pneumonia
- Cough
- Dyspnea
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Adventitious lung sounds
- chest x-ray to confirm*
Pulmonary edema
Life-threatening build-up of fluid in the lungs
