MS/MG & ALS Flashcards
Define MS
- inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS: Brain, SC, and optic nerve
- White and Grey matter
What gender is MS MC in? Age range?
Females
20-40 y.o.
MS etiology
- Autoimmune: HLA alleles
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Identical twins association
Define optic neuritis
- Loss of vision in affected eye and pain with eye movement
- Phosphenes: Circular “stars”
Define acute transverse myelitis
Acute partial loss of:
- Motor
- Sensory
- Autonomic
- Reflex
Lhermittes Sign
“Barber shop” test
Neck flexion causes lightning-shock type pain radiation from spine down leg
What are the MC MS sx’s?
- Paresthesia, Trigeminal neuralgia
- Optic neuritis
- Acute Transverse myelitis
- Fatigue
- Autonomic SC sx: Bowel (constipation), bladder dysfunction
- Heat intolerance
- Ataxia
Uhthoff’s phenomen
Worsening symptoms with heat intolerance
Neuro PEx findings in MS
- Spasticity and Positive Babinski. (toes move up)
2. Ataxic gait
Eye PEx findings in MS
- Interneuclear Ophthlmoplegia
2. Nystagmus
What is the imaging of choice to help confirm and monitor the disease progression of MS?
MRI of brain and SC WITH Gadolinum
LP findings in CSF suggestive of MS
- Oligoclonal bodies
2. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
MS diagnostic criteria
Dissemination in time and space
Management of acute MS exacerbations?
High dose corticosteroids (IV Methylprednisone)
First line treatment for RRMS to reduce frequency and severity of relapse?
B-Interferon or Glatiramer acetate