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MS Theory Sparkling Wine > MS Champagne > Flashcards

MS Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the oldest Champagne house?

A

Gosset - established in 1584 as a still wine house

Ruinart - established in 1729 as a sparkling house

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2
Q

Who developed the formula for secondary fermentation?

A

A pharmacist Andre Francois along with Jean-Antoine Chaptal (chaptalization researcher)

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3
Q

Who created the first Brut Champagne, what was it called?

A

Pommery in 1874, “Nature”

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4
Q

What is special about Champagne labelling?

A

They are the only appellation that is not required to state AOP/AOC on the label

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5
Q

How & why was the CIVC created?

A

Formed during Nazi occupation in 1941 by Count Robert-Jean de Vogue of Moet to protect the interest of the Champenois from the Nazis.

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6
Q

Who’s leading the way for English Sparkling wine?

A

Nyetimber and Ridgeview Estate, both located in Sussex, lead the way

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7
Q

Name some Champagne houses operating in the USA

A

Roederer Anderson Valley in Mendocino
Taittinger Carneros Napa
Moët et Chandon, Yountville Napa

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8
Q

What are synonyms for Brut Nature?

A

Non-Dosé, Brut Sauvage, Ultra Brut, Dosage Zéro, Sans Sucre, Pas Dosé

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9
Q

What was the first vintage of Dom Perignon?

A

1921

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10
Q

What is belemnite chalk?

A

Derived from cephalopods, long favored due to it being found mostly on the hillsides

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11
Q

What is micraster chalk?

A

Derived from sea urchins - common in the valley

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12
Q

What is the most dominant soil type in the Aube?

A

clay

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13
Q

What pruning methods are allowed in Champagne?

A

Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Valle de la Marne
Guyot (double & single)

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14
Q

What grapes other than the major 3 are permitted in Champagne?

A

Pinot Blanc Vrai
Arbane
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier

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15
Q

What is the pressing limit enforced by the CIVC since 1992?

A

102 L per 160 kg of grapes
2,550 L per 4,000 kg of grapes (size of coquard press)
also called a marc

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16
Q

Name the Grand Cru villages of Montagne de Reims from n-s

A 
Sillery
Puisieulx
Beaumont-sur-Vesle
Verzenay
Mailly
Verzy (added in 1985)
Louvois
Bouzy
Ambonnay
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17
Q

Name the Grand Cru villages of Valle de la Marne from n-s

A

Ay

Tours-sur-Marne (red only)

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18
Q

Name the Grand Cru village of Cotes des Blancs from n-s

A 
Chouilly (white only, added in '85)
Oiry (added in '85)
Cramant
Avize
Oger (added in '85)
Le Mesnil-sur-Oger (added in '85)
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19
Q

What do the terms blocage & deblocage mean?

A 
blocage = the reserve of wine stocks for use in future vintages
deblocage = the release
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20
Q

What is a matriculation number?

A

a number assigned to each producer by the CIVC

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21
Q

What does NM mean on a Champagne label?

A

Negociant Manipulant

A house that purchases grapes or base wine. They may also own their own vineyards.

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22
Q

What does RM mean on a bottle of Champagne?

A

Recoltant Manipulant

A grower producer who makes wine from estate fruit. 95% must come from their own vineyards.

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23
Q

What does CM mean?

A

Coopérative Manipulant

A grower cooperative that produces a wine under one brand

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24
Q

What does RC mean?

A

Recoltant Cooperateur

A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative but is labeled as their own brand

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25
Q

What does SR mean?

A

Societe de Recoltants
A firm, not a co-operative, of growers often related who pool their resources to vinify their wines and market them under several brands.

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26
Q

What does ND mean?

A

Negociant Distributeur

A middleman company that distributes Champagne that they did not make

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27
Q

What does MA mean?

A

Marque d’Acheteur

A “buyers own brand”. A chain supermarket or restaurant buys Champagne and sells it as their own brand.

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28
Q

What is vin de cuvee?

A

The first 2,050 litres pressed from a marc (4,000 kg)

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29
Q

What is the the vin de taille?

A

The last 500 litres pressed from the marc

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30
Q

What is rebeche?

A

The third pressing of the marc and is required by law. It must comprise 1-10% of the total and is used for distillate.

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31
Q

What is debourbage?

A

The settling of juice at a cool temperature to allow solids (bourbes) to seperate.

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32
Q

What is prise de mousse?

A

secondary fermentation

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33
Q

What is a bidule?

A

a plastic capsule attached to the crown cap during secondary fermentation that is designed to catch sediment during the remuage process

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34
Q

What is the RS of Extra Brut?

A

0-6 g/l

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35
Q

What is the RS of Brut?

A

0-12 g/l

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36
Q

What is the RS of Extra Dry?

A

12-17 g/l

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37
Q

What is the RS of Sec?

A

17-32 g/l

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38
Q

What is the RS of Demi-Sec?

A

32-50 g/l

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39
Q

What is the RS of Doux?

A

50+ g/l

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40
Q

What is a muselet?

A

the wire cage that secures the cork

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41
Q

What is the min. aging for NV Champagne?

A

15 months

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42
Q

What is the min. aging for vintage Champagne?

A

36 months

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43
Q

When is the Transvasage method allowed for Champagne production?

A

For bottle sizes larger than a Jeroboam and smaller than a half-bottle

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44
Q

For bottle sizes larger than a Jeroboam and smaller than a half-bottle

A 
Michael
Jackson
Makes
Small
Boys
Nervous
Sick!
They increase by 3 L (4 bottles) after Jeroboam.
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45
Q

How many bottles are in a Nebuchadnezzar?

A

15 L

20 bottles

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46
Q

Many of the producers that now bottle under this label were once well-known Cava brands. Gramona, Recaredo, Llopart, Nadal, Sabaté i Coca, and Torelló are founding members and three other producers joined in 2018. In 2019, the Consejo Regulador refused to allow this label to appear on any DO Cava wine and insisted that producers abandon all promotion of the name. In response, this group of producers chose to formally leave DO Cava and now exclusively produce under the category.

A

Corpinnat (heart of penedes)

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47
Q

What was the first vintage of Clos de Goisses? “The original mono cru”

A

1935

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48
Q

How many bottles in a Balthazar?

A

12 L

16 bottles

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49
Q

How many bottles in a Rehoboam?

A

this bottle size was discontinued in 1989.
4.5 L
6 bottles

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50
Q

What is Club Tresor and what are it’s guidelines?

A

Special Club that originated in 1971
All members are RM
Estate bottled & vintage dated
Identical labels & bottle

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51
Q

What style of wine is made for Rose de Riceys?

A

Rose from 100% PN from Riceys in the Aube

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52
Q

What style of wine is Coteaux Champenois?

A

Still red, white & rose from anywhere in the appellation. Bouzy Rouge is this. Bollinger makes one.

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53
Q

What does Bollinger’s “RD” mean?

A

“Récemment Dégorgé”is keptsur pointefor a number of years, and only disgorged upon order.

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54
Q

What is the max pressing volume for Cremant?

A

2,666 L per 4,000 kg

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55
Q

Name the Cremant AOPs (8)

A 
Cremant de Loire
Cremant de Bordeaux
Cremant de Bourgogne
Cremant de Limoux
Cremant d'Alsace
Cremant du Jura
Cremant de Die
Cremant de Savoie
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56
Q

What is methode rurale?

A

also know as methode ancestrale

single fermentation that starts in tank and ends in bottle. often degorged and filtered before sale - no dosage allowed.

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57
Q

Give 3 examples or methode ancestrale wines

A

Bugey Cerdon
Clairette de Die Dioise Ancestrale
Gaillac Mousseux Methode Gaillacoise

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58
Q

What is cuve close?

A

The tank or Charmat method

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59
Q

Who invented the Charmat method?

A

Eugene Charmat in the early 20th century

60
Q

What is the continuous method?

A

Developed in Russia. A series of tanks are connected and the wine is pumped through the circuit with tirage added continuously resulting in lees collecting and offering some autolytic character

61
Q

Name 5 single vineyard Champagnes.

A 
Clos St. Hilaire - Billecart
Clos du Moulin - Cattier
Grand Sendree - Drappier
Clos des Plantes de Chenes - Jose Michel
Clos Notre Dame - Veuve Fourny
Clos Cazals - Claude Cazals
Clos de Bouveries - Duval-Leroy
62
Q

Name the 3 single vineyard Champagnes of Moet

A

Les Vignes de Saran - CH
Les Champs de Romont - PM
Les Sarments d’Ay - PN

63
Q

Who makes Ace of Spades?

A

Armand de Breignac
Who makes Vielles Vignes Francaises?
Bollinger

64
Q

Who makes Nec Plus Ultra?

A

Bruno Paillard

65
Q

Who makes Blanc de Millenaires?

A

Heidsieck

66
Q

Who makes Origines?

A

Delbeck

67
Q

What is Deutz’s tete de cuvee?

A

Cuvee William Deutz

Amour de Deutz - ‘93 on

68
Q

Who makes Fleur de Passion?

A

Diebolt-Vallois

69
Q

Who makes Celebris?

A

Gosset

70
Q

Gosset

A

Cuvee Femme - ‘90 on

Cuvee de Roys - until ‘91

71
Q

Who makes Cuvee Laetitia?

A

Henri Billiot

72
Q

What is Henriot’s tete?

A

Cuvee des Enchanteleurs

73
Q

Who makes Cuvee Nominee?

A

Jacquart

74
Q

Who makes Terres de Noel?

A

Jean Milan

75
Q

Who makes Noble Cuvee?

A

Lanson

76
Q

Mumm’s tete?

A

Cuvee Rene Lalou - not produced from ‘86-‘97

77
Q

Who makes Comtesse Marie de France?

A

Paul Bara

78
Q

Who makes Cuvee Regence?

A

Paul Gobillard

79
Q

What is Piper-Heidsiecks tete?

A

Rare - ‘76 on Cuvee Florens-Louis - until ‘75

80
Q

Who makes Cuvee Louise?

A

Pommery

81
Q

Who makes Coeur de Cuvee?

A

Vilmart

82
Q

Name 3 Special Club producers

A

Gaston Chiquet
Paul Bara
Pierre Gimmonet

83
Q

What is special about Rose Champagne AOP?

A

It is the only AOP wine allowed to blend red & white wine as a rose method. The rest must saignee.

84
Q

What does Veuve mean in French?

A

widow

85
Q

Why was Champagne production controlled by the Grand Marques for so long?

A

The growers couldn’t afford the expensive process of production

86
Q

Who produced the first brut Champagne?

A

Pommery “Nature” in 1874

87
Q

When was the Champagne region demarcated?

A

1908

88
Q

When did phylloxera hit Champagne?

A

1890’s

89
Q

What is special about the 1914 vintage?

A

It was the year the Germans marched into Reims and endured bombing after bombing. The women, children & elderly harvested in all the turmoil and made one of the best vintages of the century.

90
Q

Who makes La Cote aux Enfants?

A

Bollinger’s Coteaux Champenoise red made from a south facing slope in Ay. Considered one of the best.

91
Q

Name 3 still wine producers of Bouzy

A

Paul Bara
Georges Vesselle
Andre Clouet

92
Q

Name 3 still wine producers in Ay

A

Bollinger
Gosset-Brabant
Gatinois

93
Q

What is Ratafia?

A

A VDL (mistelle) that is often aged in oak to take on a sherry like quality. Fortified to 20% abv. Vilmart makes a great one.

94
Q

What is MCR?

A

Mout concentre et rectifie - concentrated and rectified grape must increasingly preferred by small growers for dosage instead of liqueur d’expedition

95
Q

What is ‘lutte raisonnee’?

A

‘reasoned struggle’ - indicates a compromised middle path in regards to the approach of viticulture. Indicates the intent of organic viticulture but reserves the right to utilize chemical treatments in times of dire need.

96
Q

What does ‘tirage’ mean?

A

refers to drawing off the blended wines into bottles ready for a second alcoholic fermentation. Called the prise de mousse (literally ‘capturing the froth’),

97
Q

What is ‘vin clair’?

A

still wine from first fermentation

98
Q

What is ‘agrafe’?

A

means ‘staple’ - refers to the large clip used to secure the cork before crown caps were used.

99
Q

What is ‘bague carre’?

A

a square lip on the mouth of the bottle. Indicates the Champagne was bottled with cork and an agrafe for 2nd fermentation

100
Q

What is ‘bague couronne’?

A

a thin rounded lip on the mouth of the bottle indicating a crown cap used for 2nd fermentation

101
Q

Name the 1er crus of the Cote de Bars

A

1 only!

Bergeres

102
Q

Name the 1er crus in Valle de la Marne.

A 
Bisseuil
Champillon
Cumieres
Dizy
Hautvillers
Mareuil-sur-Ay - 99%
Mutigny
Tours-sur-Marne
103
Q

Name the 1er crus in the Cote de Blancs

A 
Bergeres-les-Vertus
Chouilly
Cuis
Etrechy
Grauves
Pierry
Vertus
Villeneuve-Renneville-Chevigny
Voipreux
Name the important 1er cru villages of Montagne de Reims
Chigny-les-Roses
Ecueil
Ludes
Montbre
Rilly-la-Montagne
Taissy
Tauxieres-Mutry - 99%
Vrigny
104
Q

Which 2 1er crus are ranked 99%?

A

Tauxieres-Mutry - Montagne de Reims

Mareuil-sur-Ay - Valle de la Marne

105
Q

Name all the blanc de blancs cuvees by Anselme Selosse

A 
Initial
Version Originale
Millesime
Substance
Exquise
106
Q

Style of Initial

A

3 successive vintages of CH from Avize, Cramant & Oger

aged 2 yrs before degorgement

107
Q

Style of Version Originale

A

3 successive vintages of CH from Avize, Cramant & Oger
aged 5 yrs before degorgement
little to no dosage

108
Q

Style of Millesime

A

single year
Avize CH
9 yrs bottle aging

109
Q

Style of Substance

A

all Avize fruit
made from a solera started in 1987
each year 22% is withdrawn from solera
5-6 yrs bottle aging

110
Q

Style of Exquise

A

higher dosage - up to 24 g/l
estate CH
3 yrs bottle aging

111
Q

Name the blanc de noirs of Anselme Selosse

A

Contraste

112
Q

Style of Contraste

A

PN from Ay

5 yrs bottle aging

113
Q

Style of Selosse Rose

A

2 vintages of Avize CH blended with PN from Ambonnay

5 yrs bottle aging before degorgement

114
Q

First vintage of Selosse

A

1960

115
Q

What is the typical barrel size used in Champagne?

A

205 L

116
Q

What lieux dit cuvees does Anselme Selosse make?

A

Sous le Mont - Mareuil sur Ay (shares same hill as Clos de Goisses)
Le Bout de Clos - Ambonnay
Les Carelles - Mesnil sur Oger

117
Q

Champagne varieties

A

— Chardonnay (W): for finesse elegance and longevity,, 31% of plantings

— Pinot Noir (B): for structure, richness and body 38% of plantings

— Meunier (B): for fruit character, youthful fruitiness and approachability 31% of plantings

118
Q

liqueur de tirage

A

A mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents that will serve to ignite the second fermentation.

119
Q

autolysis (Sur-lie aging)

A

A process that occurs towards the end of 2nd fermentation when yeast cells die & begin to decompose: releases compounds that create toasty, nutty flavors in the wine.

120
Q

Riddling or remuage

A

The gradual movement of expired yeast cells to the neck of the bottle. Once by hand, now largely by machines — Pupitre vs. gyropalette

121
Q

dégorgement

A

A liquid mixture of sugar syrup and wine also called dosage added to wines after they are fully fermented to total dryness

122
Q

Liqueur d’expédition

A

A liquid mixture of sugar syrup and wine also called dosage added to wines after they are fully fermented to total dryness

123
Q

Champagne Styles (7)

A
  • Non-vintage (NV)
  • Vintage
  • Rosé
  • Blanc de Blancs
  • Blanc de Noirs
  • Single vineyard (Clos)
  • Cuvée de Prestige/Tête de Cuvée
124
Q

Dryness/Sweetness Levels From Dry to Sweet.

A
  • Brut Zero: Bone Dry
  • Brut: Dry
  • Extra Dry: Off-Dry
  • Sec: Semi-Sweet
  • Demi Sec: Sweet
  • Doux: Very Sweet
125
Q

Champagne Bottle Sizes

A
  • Quarter Bottle (Piccolo) 187 ml
  • Half Bottle (Demi) 375 ml
  • Bottle 750 ml
  • Magnum 1.5 L (2 bottles)
  • Jeroboam 3 L (4 bottles)
  • Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989) 4.5 L (6 bottles)
  • Methuselah 6 L (8 bottles)
  • Salmanazar 9 L (12 bottles)
  • Balthazar 12 L (16 bottles)
  • Nebuchadnezzar 15 L (20 bottles)
  • Solomon 18 L (24 bottles)
  • Primat: 27 L (36 bottles)
126
Q

Frizzante

A

Generic term for semi-sparkling (Italy).

127
Q

Spumante

A

Generic term for fully sparkling (Italy). Pressure is a minimum 3 bars at 20˚C

128
Q

Pétillant

A

semi-sparkling (France)

129
Q

Under her leadership, the house pioneered the process of remuage, or riddling—a procedure that allows sediment to be easily removed from a bottle during dégorgement (disgorgement)

A

Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin, the Veuve (“widow”) Clicquot

130
Q

bouvreux

A

Rain interrupts flowering, resulting in a “second crop” that rarely ripens and is left on the vine.

131
Q

Many of the major commercial houses of Champagne are located in the city of ________ and the smaller towns of Épernay and Aÿ

A

Reims

132
Q

Average vine age hovers around __________, as the lowered productivity of old vines is undesirable to most houses in Champagne.

A

20 years

133
Q

How many bottles does a pupitre hold?

A

60 bottles on each plank for a total of 120

134
Q

How many cases does a gyropallete hold?

A

42 cases or 504 bottles

135
Q

What DOCGs produce the best traditional method sparkling wines?

A

Franciacorta and Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico. (Lombardy)

136
Q

Prosecco Superiore

A

These wines must be spumante (minimum 3.5 bars) and can only be made in brut, extra dry, and dry styles.

137
Q

Prosecco Rifermentazione in bottiglia

A

For these wines, the second fermentation happens in the bottle, in contrast to using the Charmat method.

138
Q

Prosecco Col Fondo

A

A version of the above style in which yeast remains in the bottle. This is an old-school style only occasionally seen today

139
Q

What 5 départements are included in the Champagne AOP?

A

Aube, Aisne, Marne, Haute-Marne, Seine-et-Marne

140
Q

Wha is the min. potential alcohol and max. sugar in Champagne base wines?

A

Minimum Potential Alcohol: 9%

Maximum Residual Sugar: 10 g/l

141
Q

What is the Max. amount of a year’s harvest that may be sold as vintage Champagne

A

80%

142
Q

Vintage-dated wines must contain what percentage of a stated vintage

A

100%

143
Q

What is the required élevage for NV and V Champagne?

A

NV wines: Min. 15 months from date of tirage

Vintage Wines: Min. 36 months from date of tirage

144
Q

Planting density in champagne

A

max. 2.5 square meters per vine

145
Q

How many Communes of Production are there in Champagne?

A

319 villages

146
Q

What are the grapes or Cremánt du Jura?

A

Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Poulsard, Trousseau, Chardonnay, Savagnin

MS Theory Sparkling Wine (3 decks)

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