Ms Flashcards
Multiple sclerosis is a _ _ _ disease of the CNS characterized by _ _ that destroy _ throughout the CNS and is one of the_ _ neurological disease, affecting?
Is a CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYLINATING disease of the CNS characterized by INFLAMMATORY PLAQUES that destroy MYELIN throughout CNS and is one of the MOST COMMON neurological disease, affecting YOUNG ADULTS.
What are the 3 Cardinal symptoms of MS? AKA?
SIN
Scanning speech
Intention tremor
Nystagmus
AKA: Charcot’s triad
With MS there is a _ _. But it isn’t _. Age of onset? Affects _ more than _. Ratio? Fatal?
There is a genetic influence. But it isn’t clear
Age of onset: 20-40
Women are affected 2:1- 3:1 over men
Not considered a fatal disease
Etiology is? May? Main theory? How does it affect progression/ onset?
Etiology is unknown
May inherit susceptibility
Main theory: Viral induced autoimmune disease
- immune response to virus triggers antigen activation, which then causes demyelination and gliosis
MS occurs at a much higher frequency in? How long is the risk retained if emigrated?
In colder climates
Occurs after age 15
What are the four subtypes of MS and the associated percentages?
Relapsing/ remitting: 85%
Secondary progressive?
Primary progressive: 10%
Progressive relapsing: 5%
Subtypes _ _ as much, treatment?
Subtypes don’t matter as much
Treatment varies over time
RR MS: relapses during which time _ _ appear and _ _ resurface or _
During which time NEW SYMPTOMS appear and OLD SYMPTOMS resurface or WORSEN
RRMS: relapses are followed by periods of remission, during which time?
During which time full or part time recovery from deficits acquired during the relapse occur
RRMS: relapses last _, _ or _ and recovery?
Last days, weeks, or months
Recovery can be slow or almost instantaneous
What type of MS is being described: gradual worsening of disease between relapses, and apart from some remission, following elapsing episodes, with no real recovery.
Secondary progressive MS
After _ years _% of people with RRMS will develop? And _% by?
After 10 years 50% with RRMS will develop secondary progressive and 90% by 25-30 years
What type of MS is being described: gradual progression of disease from onset with no plateaus or remissions. However?
Primary progressive MS
However some patients experience occasional plateaus and minor remissions.
What type of MS is being described: Progressive course from onset with marked relapses. Some recovery may occur following relapse but is followed by a gradual worsening of symptoms until the next relapse. Typical age of onset?
Progressive Relapsing MS
Onset is typically after 40 years of age
With progressive relapsing it is believed that it may be _ _ MS but that?
Thought to be Secondary progressive MS, but that the earlier (relapsing/ remitting) symptoms were just never diagnosed or identified
Which two types of MS typically affect people age forty or older?
Primary Progressive MS and Progressive Relapsing MS
3 Common causes of relapse? What is treatment?
IOS
- Infection (viral or bacterial)
- Organ system disease
- Stress
Is treated in the hospital, with steriods (prednisone) for acute relapses
A psuedoexacerbation is known as? It looks like a _ but only lasts for? Can be caused by? (3)
Known as Uthoff’s symptoms
It looks like a RELAPSE but it only lasts for 24 HOURS
Can be caused by:
-Fatigue, stress or heat
MS diagnosis is made by a _, using history, clinical findings and supportive tests. These tests include _, _ or _ _.
Made by a NEUROLOGIST, using history, clinical findings and supportive tests.
Tests include: MRI, CSF (lumbar puncture), or EVOKED POTENTIALS (test nerve conduction velocity)
Diagnostic criteria for MS is: evidence of _ _ of _, which are separated by _ / _, with no other explanation for _.
Evidence of TWO AREAS of DAMAGE, which are separated by TIME/ SPACE, with no other explanation for RELAPSES.
