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MS Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Macronutrient malnutrition include one of the following

a. Anemia
b. Protein energy malnutrition
c. Rickets
d. Vitamin A deficiency

A

b. Protein energy malnutrition

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2
Q
  1. Underlying causes of undernutrition include

a. Infections
b. Poor agriculture
c. Insufficient health services
d. Population growth and size

A

a. Infections

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3
Q
  1. The follow ing is a constant manifestation of kwashiorkor differentiating it from marasmus

a. Retarded growth
b. Muscle wasting
c. Psychomotor changes
d. Oedema

A

d. Oedema

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4
Q
  1. The weight of a preschool child was measured and plotted on the standard weight for age curve. It fill below the -2 SD curve. This child is

a. Normal
b. Stunted
c. Underweight
d. Wasted

A

c. Underweight

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5
Q
  1. The most critical times for preventing child malnutrition is

a. During pregnancy
b. First 2 years of life
c. The first 1000 days
d. The 6th to the 24th month of child age

A

c. The first 1000 days

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6
Q
  1. Adolescents may need up to 3000 Cal/day. They need more of the following nutrients because of their role in energy metabolism.

a. iron, zinc and vitamin A
b. niacin, thiamin, and riboflavin
c. zinc, calcium and riboflavin
d. protein, niacin and cyanocobalamine

A

b. niacin, thiamin, and riboflavin

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7
Q
  1. Osteomalacia is characterized by all the following except
    a. affecting mainly women due to repeated pregnancy
    b. affected women are at high risk for fractures
    c. deficiency of calcium rather than vitamin
    d. healthy bone structure is replaced by soft osteoid tissue
A

c. deficiency of calcium rather than vitamin

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8
Q

A 25 years old man, whose body mass index equals 27, is classified as

a. Underweight
b. Normal weight
c. Overweight
d. Obese class I
e. Obese class III

A

c. Overweight

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9
Q

Breastfeeding recommendations include the following

a. Initiation of breastfeeding in the first 24 hours of birth
b. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 8 months
c. Introduction of complementary foods at 6 months
d. Continuation of breastfeeding up to one year
e. Introduction of iron rich foods at 4 months

A

d. Continuation of breastfeeding up to one year

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10
Q
  1. At- risk group for simple obesity:

a. Active subjects
b. Adolescent girls
c. Breast-fed infants
d. Middle-age traditional women

A

d. Middle-age traditional women

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11
Q
  1. The following nutrient has a favorable effect on serum lipids and CHDs

a. elevated levels of homocysteine (amino acid)
b. high intake of salt (sodium)
c. Mono unsaturated fatty acids
d. saturated and trans-fatty acids

A

c. Mono unsaturated fatty acids

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12
Q
  1. World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for promoting a healthy diet for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region include
    a. Eat cereals, preferably whole grains as the basis of most meals
    b. Consume fish once per week
    c. Limit fats and oils to 40% of total daily energy needs
    d. Limit intake of free sugars to 20% of totalenergy intake
A

a. Eat cereals, preferably whole grains as the basis of most meals

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13
Q
  1. According to MyPlate food guide, vegetables and fruits constitute——–of the
    plate

a. 1/4
b. 1/3
c. 1/2
d. Most

A

a. 1/4

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14
Q
  1. Adequate consumption of before and during the early stages of pregnancy significantly reduces the incidence of neural tube defects.

a. Folic acid
b. Thiamin
c. Vitamin a
d. Vitamin c

A

a. Folic acid

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15
Q
  1. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy could lead to

a. Delayed cognitive functions in newborn
b. Easy rupture of fetal membranes
c. Prematurity
d. Low birth weight

A

a. Delayed cognitive functions in newborn

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16
Q
  1. The composition of colostrum is just right for the newborn. It contains less

a. Protein and fat
b. Carotene, and ash (sodium, potassium and chloride);
c. Fat and sugar
d. Anti-infective factors.

A

a. Protein and fat

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17
Q
  1. Placing babies in skin-to-skin contact with their mothers immediately following birth is the recent interpretation of the following Step to Successful Breast Feeding

a. Encourage breastfeeding on demand
b. Give newborn infants NO food or drink other than breast milk unless medically
indicated.
c. Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within a half-hour of birth.
d. Practice rooming in - allow mothers and infants to remain together - 24 hours a day.

A

c. Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within a half-hour of birth.

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18
Q
  1. Adolescents who participate in sports may need up to 3000 Cal/day, accordingly may also need additional

a. Iron, folic acid and vitamin c
b. Protein, niacin and iron
c. Thiamin, riboflavin and niacin
d. Thiamin, calcium and zinc

A

b. Protein, niacin and iron

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19
Q
  1. The following is a nutrition advice for the prevention of elderly malnutrition

a. Choose low fat and low salt varieties of food
b. Drink at least one liter of water per day
c. Eat two main meals
d. Give routine vitamin A supplementation

A

a. Choose low fat and low salt varieties of food

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20
Q
  1. Chronic malnutrition is assessed by

a. Height /length
b. Height /length for age
c. Weight for age
d. Weight for height

A

b. Height /length for age

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21
Q
  1. A constant sign that discriminates kwashiorkor from marasmus is the presence of

a. Muscle wasting
b. Oedema
c. Psychomotor changes
d. Retarded growth

A

b. Oedema

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22
Q
  1. The most widely prevalent nutritional deficiency among all age groups all over the world is

a. Iodine deficiency disorder
b. Iron deficiency anemia
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Vitamin A deficiency disorders

A

b. Iron deficiency anemia

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23
Q
  1. Early eye manifestations in vitamin a deficiency is

a. Bitot’s spots with conjuctival xerosis,
b. Corneal xerosis and ulceration,
c. Impaired dark adaptation and night blindness
d. Keratomalacia.

A

c. Impaired dark adaptation and night blindness

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24
Q
  1. Because of the high incidence of hypertension in Egypt, many people are encouraged to lower their intake of:

a. Meats.
b. Sugars and sweets.
c. Dairy products.
d. Salt.

A

d. Salt.

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25
Q
  1. The following is true regarding/ar intake in Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) for the management of coronary heart diseases.

a. Cholesterol less than 250 mg/day.
b. Decrease the intake of Trans-fat as it raises total and HDL cholesterol level and lowers LDL level.
c. Monounsaturated fat Up to 20% of total calories.
d. Saturated Fat less than 10% of total calories.

A

d. Saturated Fat less than 10% of total calories.

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26
Q
  1. The lipid abnormalities commonly associated with diabetes mellitus are:

a. Increased HDL.
b. Decreased VLDL.
c. Increased LDL.
d. Decreased serum triglycerides.

A
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27
Q
  1. The following foods are protective against type 2 diabetes

a. Canned juice and fries
b. Hamburger pun and onion rolls
c. Toast and butter
d. Whole wheat bread and beans

A

d. Whole wheat bread and beans

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28
Q
  1. “MyPlate food guide” encourages consumers to

a. Be physically active for 10 minutes 3 days per week
b. Eat variety of fruits and vegetables
c. Make most of their grains refined
d. Make most of their fat sources solid as butter.

A

b. Eat variety of fruits and vegetables

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29
Q
  1. It is contraindicated to give supplement of the following micronutrient during pregnancy

a. Iron
b. Calcium
c. Vitamin A
d. Folic acid.

A

c. Vitamin A

30
Q
  1. Which one of the following signs is a sign of good attachment of the baby to the breast?

a. Areola is more visible below than above the baby’s mouth
b. The baby’s mouth is wide open
c. The baby’s lower lip is turned inwards
d. The baby’s chin is away from the breast.

A

b. The baby’s mouth is wide open

31
Q

5 ———–is an example of a texture-modified diet

a. Full liquid diet
b. High protein diet
c. Low calorie diet
d. Low sodium diet.

A

a. Full liquid diet

32
Q
  1. Diabetic patients are advised to avoid consuming

a. Foods with low glycemic indexes
b. Less than 130 g of carbohydrates / day
c. a>-3 fatty acids from fish or from supplements
d. Small frequent meals throughout the day.

A

b. Less than 130 g of carbohydrates / day

33
Q

7…………….is important during adolescence for its role in sexual maturation.

a. Calcium
b. Niacin
c. Sodium
d. Zinc.

A

d. Zinc.

34
Q
  1. The most common type of nutritional anemia results from a deficiency of

a. Ascorbic acid
b. Vitamin B12
c. Folic acid
d. Iron.

A

d. Iron.

35
Q
  1. In therapeutic lifestyle changes for coronary heart disease, healthy carbohydrates should make up

a. 15-25% of total calories
b. 25-35% of total calories
c. 50-60% of total calories
d. 70-80% of total calories.

A

c. 50-60% of total calories

36
Q
  1. Low protein diet is indicated in

a. Fever
b. Injury
c. Burns
d. Glomerulonephritis.

A

d. Glomerulonephritis.

37
Q
  1. World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for promoting a healthy
    diet for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region include

a. Eating fish once per month
b. Consuming milk/dairy products daily, preferably low fat
c. Selecting foods from 2 of the 5 food groups every day
d. Shifting in fat consumption away from unsaturated fats to saturated fats.

A

b. Consuming milk/dairy products daily, preferably low fat

38
Q
  1. A child whose height-for-age measurement is less than - 2 SD is considered

a. Obese
b. Stunted
c. Wasted
d. Underweight.

A

b. Stunted

39
Q
  1. A common nutritional deficiency disorder of school children is

a. Hypochromic microcytic anemia
b. Megaloblastic anemia
c. Overweight and obesity
d. Rickets.

A

a. Hypochromic microcytic anemia

40
Q

………..is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

a. Complex carbohydrates as whole grains
b. Fresh vegetables and fruits
c. Trans-fatty acids and saturated fats
d. Monounsaturated fatty acids

A

c. Trans-fatty acids and saturated fats

41
Q
  1. According to MyPlate food guide, the following statement is correct for choosing a healthy diet

a. Make most of your fat sources from fish, nuts, and vegetable oils
b. Increase intake of solid fats like butter
c. Increase consumption of full cream milk
d. Limit the consumption of dry beans and peas.

A

a. Make most of your fat sources from fish, nuts, and vegetable oils

42
Q
  1. Among the following types of diet……….is the least nutritious

a. Soft diet
b. General diet
c. Full liquid diet
d. Clear liquid diet

A

d. Clear liquid diet

43
Q
  1. The most widely prevalent nutritional deficiency among all age groups all over the
    world is

a. Anemia
b. Vitamin A deficiency
c. Vitamin B6 deficiency
d. Zinc deficiency.

A

a. Anemia

44
Q

4……….is critical during early periconception period to prevent spina bifida.

a. Zinc
b. Folate
c. Iron
d. Calcium

A

b. Folate

45
Q
  1. Low protein diet is indicated in

a. Fever
b. Bums
c. Starvation
d. Hepatic failure.

A

d. Hepatic failure.

46
Q
  1. The intake of………protects against cancer.

a. Salted, pickled and spicy foods
b. Nitrates and nitrites in processed meats
c. Diet rich in fibers
d. Food additives

A

c. Diet rich in fibers

47
Q
  1. The following statement is correct about infant feeding recommendations

a. Exclusive breast feeding for the first 24 months of age
b. Exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months of age
c. Once weaning starts, breast feeding should be stopped
d. Initiation of breastfeeding 12 hours after birth.

A

b. Exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months of ag

48
Q
  1. To prevent hypoglycemia, diabetic patients are advised to consume

a. Small regular meals every 3 hours
b. Diet rich in animal fat
c. Foods with high glycemic index
d. Diet rich in refined sugar.

A

a. Small regular meals every 3 hours

49
Q
  1. Regarding nutrition during lactation, the following dietary advice is correct

a. Emphasize foods high in calcium and vitamin D
b. Increase the intake of high fat food
c. Increase the consumption of simple sugars
d. Reduce fruit and vegetable consumption.

A

a. Emphasize foods high in calcium and vitamin D

50
Q
  1. World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for promoting a healthy
    diet for the Eastern Mediterranean Region include

a. Eating cereals, preferably whole grains (50%) as the basis of most meals
b. Limiting milk/dairy products to once per week
c. Selecting foods from 2 of the 5 food groups every day
d. Shifting fat consumption away from unsaturated fats to saturated fats.

A

a. Eating cereals, preferably whole grains (50%) as the basis of most meals

51
Q
  1. Nutrient Supplementation programs provided by the Egyptian government include

a. Zinc supplementation for all under 5 children
b. Vitamin B12 supplementation for all infants at 6 months of age
c. Iron and folic acid supplementation for all pregnant women
d. Vitamin A supplementation for all pregnant women.

A

c. Iron and folic acid supplementation for all pregnant women

52
Q
  1. The following statement is correct about adolescent nutritional requirements

a. Protein needs are the same regardless the degree of growth and development
b. Protein needs are more accurate when based on the developmental age
c. Nutritional requirements are the same for males and females
d. One serving of dairy products per day is recommended.

A

b. Protein needs are more accurate when based on the developmental age

53
Q
  1. The following is a modifiable behavioral risk factor in obesity

a. Hormonal defects
b. Metabolic disorders of fat
c. Disorders of hypothalamus
d. Lack of physical activity

A

d. Lack of physical activity

54
Q
  1. Medical nutrition therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus includes

a. Reduction of energy intake to 1000 calories/day for all patients
b. Monitoring the total grams of carbohydrates eaten
c. Choosing foods with high glycemic index
d. Getting 40% of total daily calories from protein.

A

b. Monitoring the total grams of carbohydrates eaten

55
Q
  1. The following is a dietary recommendation that is given to patients with coronary heart disease

a. Increase the intake of trans-fat
b. Include fatty fish in your weekly eating plan
e. Decrease meal frequency to 2 main meals
d. Take 20% of your total daily calories from healthy carbohydrates.

A

b. Include fatty fish in your weekly eating plan

56
Q
  1. Essential fatty acids

a. Are used to make substances that regulate blood pressure
b. Can be made from carbohydrates
c. Include lecithin and cholesterol
d. Have to be supplied in food, as they cannot be synthesized by the body.

A

d. Have to be supplied in food, as they cannot be synthesized by the body.

57
Q
  1. Dietary antioxidants include

a. Vitamins A, B, C, and copper
b. Selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C and carotenoids
c. Carotenoids; selenium, copper, and iron
d. Vitamin E, vitamin D, carotenoids, and zinc.

A

b. Selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C and carotenoids

58
Q
  1. Which one of the following nutrients is known as the Anti-Rachitic Vitamin?

a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin K.

A

c. Vitamin D

59
Q
  1. The following is a direct method of nutrition assessment

a. Health indices
b. Food Balance Sheet
c. Anthropometric Measurements
d. Ecological factors which may lead to malnutrition.

A

c. Anthropometric Measurements

60
Q
  1. is required for synthesis of blood-clotting proteins (prothrombin).

a. Vitamin K
b. Vitamin B12
c. Biotin
d. Vitamin C.

A

a. Vitamin K

61
Q
  1. The functions of soluble fibers include

a. Increase fat absorption and the risk of obesity
b. Lower cholesterol and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease
c. Increases glucose absorption
d. Decrease insulin sensitivity.

A
62
Q
  1. It is recommended to limit………..in the diet

a. Polyunsaturated fat
b. Monounsaturated fat
c. Trans fats
d. Essential fatty acid.

A
63
Q
  1. The following is one of the characteristics of food balance sheet for Egypt

a. Cereals form a good bulk of diet
b. Iron intake is largely obtained from fruits
c. Protein content is largely from animal source
d. Energy intake is less than energy requirements.

A
64
Q
  1. Regarding the function of iodine, which one of the following is correct?

a. It is a component of hemoglobin
b. It is a component of thyroid hormone
c. It supports vitamin B12
d. It is an anti-infection.

A
65
Q
  1. Regarding waist circumference (W C), which one of the following statement is
    correct ?

a. If a male WC is 90 cm, he is considered at risk of type 2 diabetes
b. If a female WC is 80 cm, she is considered at risk of type 2 diabetes
c. It is related to visceral adiposity
d. It is one of the indirect methods to assess adiposity.

A
66
Q
  1. Deficiency of the following micronutrient results in night blindness

a. Folic Acid
b. Iodine
c. Vitamin A
d. Zinc.

A
67
Q
  1. Regarding macronutrients energy value, which one of the following statements is
    Correct?

a. Carbohydrates provide 7 kcal/gram
b. Fat provides 9 kcal/gram
c. Protein provides 2 kcal/gram
d. Fat provides 4 kcal/gram.

A
68
Q
  1. Deficiency of results in neural tubal defect in the fetus of deficient pregnant mother.

a. Pantothenic acid
b. Folate
c. Iron
d. Pyridoxine.

A
69
Q
  1. reflects lean tissue mass and diagnose muscle wasting.

a. Weight
b. Waist circumference (WC)
c. Triceps Skin Fold Thickness (TSFT)
d. Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)

A
70
Q
  1. Rania is a 7-year-old girl; her body mass index (BMI) corresponds to the 3rd percentile. Based on the BMI for age percentiles curve, Rania is categorized as

a. Underweight
b. Normal weight
c. Overweight
d. Obese.

A
71
Q
  1. Assessment of the ecological factors which may lead to malnutrition includes

a. Assessment of nutritional deficiency signs
b. Assessment of prevalence of parasitic diseases that lead to malnutrition
c. Estimation of infant mortality rate
d. Calculation of the average food consumed per capita per day.

A

Nutrition (4 decks)

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