MS

Question 1

MS
affecting the

Answer 1

multiple lesions
myelination of neurons

Question 2

frontal cortex
motor cortex
occipital lobe
sensory cortex

Answer 2

executive impairment
motor dysfunction
vision impairment
sensory dysfunction

Question 3

risk factors

Answer 3

age, female, northern European descent, family history, infection, vit D deficiency, smoking
Epstein bar virus - 23x as likely to develop MS (mono)

Question 4

categories of MS:

Answer 4

progressive relapse PRMS
secondary progressive SPMS
primary progressive PPMS
relapsing - remitting RRMS

Question 5

although the body attempts to repair itself it becomes overwhelmed by: the disease and it always progresses upward towards increased

Answer 5

the powerful autoimmune response

loss of function

Question 6

signs symptoms
B
C
D
E
F

M
S

Answer 6

Bowel and bladder
Cognitive
Depression
Eyes
Fatigue

Motor
Sensory
_________________________
motor and sensory disturb
cognitive deficits
vision loss
diplopia
fatigue
nystagmus
bladder bowl dysfxn
dizzy hearing loss sexual fxn

Question 7

motor symptoms

Answer 7

ataxia
paralysis
spasticity
muscle weakness
muscle spasms
tremors
fatigue

Question 8

sensory symptoms include

Answer 8

pain peresthesias
touch temp pain proprioception

Question 9

cognitive

Answer 9

deficit attention processing memory judgement

Question 10

communication

Answer 10

slurred speach

Question 11

socially

Answer 11

depression

Question 12

symptoms can be thought of as three categories

Answer 12

primary -directly relating to the physical lesions
secondary -complications from the primary (UTI from a bladder problem)
tertiary -occupational impact - socal fuxning

Question 13

OT evaluation and occupation
helpful measures you would use
think symptoms then you will know what you want to measure
assessments?

Answer 13

impact of daily fxn occupation - bathel, FIM, CARE
fatigue - fatigue impact scale, bec depression inventory
sensory -monofilament,
motor - 9 hole peg
spacity- mod ashford scale

SF-36 overall fxning
6 min walk test
MS impact scale

Question 14

Contraindications for MS

Answer 14

heat and over exertion

Question 15

heat and over exertion - Uhthoff’s phenomenon

Answer 15

increased temp increases the propagation of demyelinated axons = even slower or blocked propogation of the signal

visual dysfxn changes in visual accuity and color perception
irreversable cognition problems

Question 16

cooling as a treatment?

Answer 16

mixed evidence, not conclusive,
iced packs, cold showers, cold drinks

Question 17

modifiable risk factors depends on the type of MS

Answer 17

alcohol, smoking, coffee and fish

Question 18

1 what about exercise?
2 helps to manage what?
3 can improve?
4 some examples?

5 make sure they follow these guidelines:

Answer 18

1 thought for decades to avoid, bc of making condition worse
studies show can tolerate, and is helpful
may even be a neuro protective mechanism

2 helps to managing symptoms and physical activity may be appropriately increased for fxn to preform occupations and leisure

3 improve spasticity, fatigue, quality of life, mood, sometimes cognition

4 resistance and aerobic -stretching & warming up , standing for spasticity
5 should not over do it & incorporate rest breaks, sub-max level

Question 19

other suggestions:
adaptive equip
pain
fine motor control for writing
splints
sleep advice

Answer 19

based on deficit

pain diary, gain insight into when and when improve

• self hand over hand to stabilize, stabilize proximal part of the body, weighted input added to fatigue
• resting hand and cervical
• stress management, coping strategies