MS Flashcards
Placement and Color of V4?
5th intercostal
space at
midclavicular
line / Brown
Placement and Color of V3?
Directly
between the
leads V2 and V4 / Green
Placement and Color of V2?
4th intercostal
space to the left
of the sternum / Yellow
Rapid and chaotic tiring of atrial impulses, no identifiable P wave, Normal QRS (400-650 bpm)
Atrial Fibrillation
Chemical pumps re-establish an internal
negative charge as the cells return to their
resting state.
Repolarization
Types of ETTs
○ PORTEX Tube
○ RUBBER
○ REINFORCED
○ SPECIAL
it occurs when blood stops flowing to a part of the
brain
Stroke
The electrical charge of a cell is altered by a
shift of electrolytes on either side of the cell
membrane. This change stimulates muscle fiber
to contract
Depolarization
Compression to ventilation ratio in adult?
30:2 (1 or 2 rescuer)
SIGNS OF CARDIAC ARREST
● No response
● No breathing
● No circulations
Indications of chocking?
– difficulty breathing
– inability to cough forcefully
– skin, lips, nails turning blue or dusky
– loss of consciousness
Rapid rhythm, No P-wave visible, wide and irregular QRS complex, chaotic
Ventricular Fibrillation
used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing.
mechanical ventilations
located behind nose & extends to level of soft palate
Nasopharynx
Purpose of mechanical ventilations
- To maintain gas exchange in case of acute and chronic
respiratory failure. - To maintain ventilator support after CPR
- To excrete increased CO2 production
- To give general anesthesia with muscle relaxants.
Fast, normal rhythm, >100 bpm
Sinus tachycardia
Placement and color of V5?
Level with V4 at
left anterior
axillary line / Black
first aid procedure used to treat upper airway obstructions by foreign objects
Abdominal thrust / heimlich maneuver
Position in breathing (CPR)?
Head tilt chin lift
COMPLICATIONS (PAVVDDOA)
– pneumothorax
– airway injury
– ventilator- associated pneumonia
– ventilator associated tracheobronchitis
– diaphragm atrophy
– decreased cardiac output
– oxygen toxicity
– acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS)
an imaginary formation of
three limb leads in a triangle used in
electrocardiography, formed by the two shoulders and
the pubis.
EINTHOVEN’S TRIANGLE
Compression depth of an infant?
atleast 1/4 AP diameter about 1 1/2 inches (4 cm)
Compression depth?
2 inchest
Handheld tool that is used to deliver positive
pressure ventilation to any subject with
insufficient or ineffective breaths.
AMBU BAG (Bag Valve Mask)
Common condition that leads to cardiac arrest?
Heart attack and Stroke
Systematic approach of Basic Life Support 2010-2015?
C- circulation
A- airway
B- breathing
D- defibrillate
Warning Sign of Heart Attack? PUPN SSNF
● Severe sweating
● Chest discomfort
● Nausea
● Feeling of indigestion
● Shortness of breath
● Pain, Numbness or tingling in the arm
● Pain in the upper back between the shoulder
blades.
What are ventilator alarms?
High pressure and Low pressure
Complication of CPR?
- Fractured ribs
- Lacerated liver
- Punctured lungs
- Gastric distention
How many chest compression?
100 chest compression
Placement and Color of V1?
4th intercostal
space to the
right of the
sternum / red
Risk factors of Heart Attack? DOSE DASH HEG
Heredity
● Gender
● Age
● Smoking
● High BP
● Diet
● Exercise
● Obesity
● DM
● Stress
● Elevated cholesterol
A machine that helps a patient breathe
(ventilate) when they are having a surgery or cannot
breathe on their own due to a critical illness.
mechanical ventilations
death of or damage to part of the heart
muscle because the supply of blood to the heart muscle
is severely reduced or stopped.
heart attack
Generally refers to the type of care that
first-responders, healthcare providers and public safety
professionals provide to anyone who is experiencing
cardiac arrest, respiratory distress or an obstructed
airway.
Basic Life Support
Warning Signs of Stroke?
— Numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg
especially on one side of the body.
— Trouble seeing in one eye or both eyes.
— Confusion / trouble speaking or understanding
— Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or
coordination
— Severe headache with no known cause.
Pressure of Portable Unit?
10-15 mmHg
Ectopic atrial beats, saw tooth p-waves, normal QRS, 200-400 bpm
Atrial flutter
A surgical procedure which consists of making
an incision on the anterior aspect of the neck
and opening a direct airway through an incision
in the trachea
TRACHEOSTOMY CARE
Compression depth of an children?
atleast 1/4 AP diameter about 2 inches (5cm)
Complication of ventilation?
● Aspiration
● Hypoventilation
● Hyperventilation
How many hours/ minutes to switch in CPR?
2 minutes
Compression to ventilation ratio in children/infants?
30:2 single rescuer and 15:2 second rescuer
What is the position of the patient in breathing if he/she has problem in neck?
Jaw Thrust Maneuver
a graphical recording of the
electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram
heart’s electrical activity by recording information
through 12 different perspectives.
12-lead ECG
Avoid excessive ventilations. True or False?
True
it’s intended to revive a heart and lung arrest within 3-4
minutes from time the heartbeat and breathing stops to
prevent death or irreversible brain damage.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
generated on the outside of
the chest and transmitted to the interior to
expand the lungs and allow air to flow in
Negative pressure Mechanical Ventilation
use face or nasal mask for appropriately
selected conscious patients.
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation
series of waves and deflections
recording the heart’s electrical activity from a certain
“view”
Electrocardiogram
Ventilator forces air into the central airways and
the resulting pressure gradient causes airflow
into the small airways and alveoli.
Positive pressure mechanical ventilations
This can happen if there is bleeding in the brain or if a
blood vessel in the brain is blocked and very sudden
Stroke
extends behind mouth from the soft palate above the level of the hyoid bone & contains the tonsils
oropharynx
Normal Pressure of Wall unit?
100-120 mmHg
only in the absence of cervical
spine injury
Sniffing position
Indications of mechanical ventilations (give 5 indications)
– acute lung injury, including acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) and trauma
– Apnea with respiratory arrest, including cases
from intoxication.
– Acute severe asthma requiring intubation
– Acute or chronic respiratory acidosis, most
commonly with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
– Acute respiratory acidosis (tachypnea,
retractions respiratory distress)
– Hypoxemia
–Hypotension including sepsis, shock,
congestive heart failure.
– Neurological diseases such as muscular
dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Example of Low pressure?
● Disconnected (check all connections)
● Loss of Power
● Low gas pressure
● Leak in tube cuff
● Apnea
Types of choking?
Partial and complete obstruction
Normal rhythm, complete PQRST, 60-100 bpm
Normal rhythm
Placement and color of V6?
Level with V5 at
midaxillary line
(directly under
the midpoint of
the armpit) / violet
Slow, normal rhythm, <60
Sinus bradycardia
Irregular or regular rhythm, P-wave, No P-R interval, wide QRS complex, 100-250 bpm
Ventricular tachycardia
Example of High Pressure?
Secretions
● Patient Biting ETT
● Patient coughing
● Water in the tubings: - Intv: Dump the water out
of the tube, suction patient
● Kinked Tubings
● Increased airway resistance (should be <35)
● Patient fighting on the ventilator: Intv: Sedate the
patient or insert tongue guard.
● Bronchospasm
● Tension Pneumothorax
● Malpositioned ET
