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MA and OSCE > MS > Flashcards

MS Flashcards

1
Q

Placement and Color of V4?

A

5th intercostal
space at
midclavicular
line / Brown

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2
Q

Placement and Color of V3?

A

Directly
between the
leads V2 and V4 / Green

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3
Q

Placement and Color of V2?

A

4th intercostal
space to the left
of the sternum / Yellow

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4
Q

Rapid and chaotic tiring of atrial impulses, no identifiable P wave, Normal QRS (400-650 bpm)

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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5
Q

Chemical pumps re-establish an internal
negative charge as the cells return to their
resting state.

A

Repolarization

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6
Q

Types of ETTs

A

○ PORTEX Tube
○ RUBBER
○ REINFORCED
○ SPECIAL

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7
Q

it occurs when blood stops flowing to a part of the
brain

A

Stroke

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8
Q

The electrical charge of a cell is altered by a
shift of electrolytes on either side of the cell
membrane. This change stimulates muscle fiber
to contract

A

Depolarization

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9
Q

Compression to ventilation ratio in adult?

A

30:2 (1 or 2 rescuer)

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10
Q

SIGNS OF CARDIAC ARREST

A

● No response
● No breathing
● No circulations

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11
Q

Indications of chocking?

A

– difficulty breathing
– inability to cough forcefully
– skin, lips, nails turning blue or dusky
– loss of consciousness

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12
Q

Rapid rhythm, No P-wave visible, wide and irregular QRS complex, chaotic

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

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13
Q

used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing.

A

mechanical ventilations

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14
Q

located behind nose & extends to level of soft palate

A

Nasopharynx

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15
Q

Purpose of mechanical ventilations

A
  • To maintain gas exchange in case of acute and chronic
    respiratory failure.
  • To maintain ventilator support after CPR
  • To excrete increased CO2 production
  • To give general anesthesia with muscle relaxants.
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16
Q

Fast, normal rhythm, >100 bpm

A

Sinus tachycardia

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17
Q

Placement and color of V5?

A

Level with V4 at
left anterior
axillary line / Black

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18
Q

first aid procedure used to treat upper airway obstructions by foreign objects

A

Abdominal thrust / heimlich maneuver

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19
Q

Position in breathing (CPR)?

A

Head tilt chin lift

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20
Q

COMPLICATIONS (PAVVDDOA)

A

– pneumothorax
– airway injury
– ventilator- associated pneumonia
– ventilator associated tracheobronchitis
– diaphragm atrophy
– decreased cardiac output
– oxygen toxicity
– acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS)

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21
Q

an imaginary formation of
three limb leads in a triangle used in
electrocardiography, formed by the two shoulders and
the pubis.

A

EINTHOVEN’S TRIANGLE

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22
Q

Compression depth of an infant?

A

atleast 1/4 AP diameter about 1 1/2 inches (4 cm)

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23
Q

Compression depth?

A

2 inchest

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24
Q

Handheld tool that is used to deliver positive
pressure ventilation to any subject with
insufficient or ineffective breaths.

A

AMBU BAG (Bag Valve Mask)

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25
Q

Common condition that leads to cardiac arrest?

A

Heart attack and Stroke

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26
Q

Systematic approach of Basic Life Support 2010-2015?

A

C- circulation
A- airway
B- breathing
D- defibrillate

27
Q

Warning Sign of Heart Attack? PUPN SSNF

A

● Severe sweating
● Chest discomfort
● Nausea
● Feeling of indigestion
● Shortness of breath
● Pain, Numbness or tingling in the arm
● Pain in the upper back between the shoulder
blades.

28
Q

What are ventilator alarms?

A

High pressure and Low pressure

29
Q

Complication of CPR?

A
  1. Fractured ribs
  2. Lacerated liver
  3. Punctured lungs
  4. Gastric distention
30
Q

How many chest compression?

A

100 chest compression

31
Q

Placement and Color of V1?

A

4th intercostal
space to the
right of the
sternum / red

32
Q

Risk factors of Heart Attack? DOSE DASH HEG

A

Heredity
● Gender
● Age
● Smoking
● High BP
● Diet
● Exercise
● Obesity
● DM
● Stress
● Elevated cholesterol

33
Q

A machine that helps a patient breathe
(ventilate) when they are having a surgery or cannot
breathe on their own due to a critical illness.

A

mechanical ventilations

34
Q

death of or damage to part of the heart
muscle because the supply of blood to the heart muscle
is severely reduced or stopped.

A

heart attack

35
Q

Generally refers to the type of care that
first-responders, healthcare providers and public safety
professionals provide to anyone who is experiencing
cardiac arrest, respiratory distress or an obstructed
airway.

A

Basic Life Support

36
Q

Warning Signs of Stroke?

A

— Numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg
especially on one side of the body.
— Trouble seeing in one eye or both eyes.
— Confusion / trouble speaking or understanding
— Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or
coordination
— Severe headache with no known cause.

37
Q

Pressure of Portable Unit?

A

10-15 mmHg

38
Q

Ectopic atrial beats, saw tooth p-waves, normal QRS, 200-400 bpm

A

Atrial flutter

39
Q

A surgical procedure which consists of making
an incision on the anterior aspect of the neck
and opening a direct airway through an incision
in the trachea

A

TRACHEOSTOMY CARE

40
Q

Compression depth of an children?

A

atleast 1/4 AP diameter about 2 inches (5cm)

41
Q

Complication of ventilation?

A

● Aspiration
● Hypoventilation
● Hyperventilation

42
Q

How many hours/ minutes to switch in CPR?

A

2 minutes

43
Q

Compression to ventilation ratio in children/infants?

A

30:2 single rescuer and 15:2 second rescuer

44
Q

What is the position of the patient in breathing if he/she has problem in neck?

A

Jaw Thrust Maneuver

45
Q

a graphical recording of the
electrical activity of the heart

A

Electrocardiogram

46
Q

heart’s electrical activity by recording information
through 12 different perspectives.

A

12-lead ECG

47
Q

Avoid excessive ventilations. True or False?

A

True

48
Q

it’s intended to revive a heart and lung arrest within 3-4
minutes from time the heartbeat and breathing stops to
prevent death or irreversible brain damage.

A

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

49
Q

generated on the outside of
the chest and transmitted to the interior to
expand the lungs and allow air to flow in

A

Negative pressure Mechanical Ventilation

50
Q

use face or nasal mask for appropriately
selected conscious patients.

A

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation

51
Q

series of waves and deflections
recording the heart’s electrical activity from a certain
“view”

A

Electrocardiogram

52
Q

Ventilator forces air into the central airways and
the resulting pressure gradient causes airflow
into the small airways and alveoli.

A

Positive pressure mechanical ventilations

53
Q

This can happen if there is bleeding in the brain or if a
blood vessel in the brain is blocked and very sudden

A

Stroke

54
Q

extends behind mouth from the soft palate above the level of the hyoid bone & contains the tonsils

A

oropharynx

55
Q

Normal Pressure of Wall unit?

A

100-120 mmHg

56
Q

only in the absence of cervical
spine injury

A

Sniffing position

57
Q

Indications of mechanical ventilations (give 5 indications)

A

– acute lung injury, including acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) and trauma
– Apnea with respiratory arrest, including cases
from intoxication.
– Acute severe asthma requiring intubation
– Acute or chronic respiratory acidosis, most
commonly with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
– Acute respiratory acidosis (tachypnea,
retractions respiratory distress)
– Hypoxemia
–Hypotension including sepsis, shock,
congestive heart failure.
– Neurological diseases such as muscular
dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

58
Q

Example of Low pressure?

A

● Disconnected (check all connections)
● Loss of Power
● Low gas pressure
● Leak in tube cuff
● Apnea

59
Q

Types of choking?

A

Partial and complete obstruction

60
Q

Normal rhythm, complete PQRST, 60-100 bpm

A

Normal rhythm

61
Q

Placement and color of V6?

A

Level with V5 at
midaxillary line
(directly under
the midpoint of
the armpit) / violet

62
Q

Slow, normal rhythm, <60

A

Sinus bradycardia

63
Q

Irregular or regular rhythm, P-wave, No P-R interval, wide QRS complex, 100-250 bpm

A

Ventricular tachycardia

64
Q

Example of High Pressure?

A

Secretions
● Patient Biting ETT
● Patient coughing
● Water in the tubings: - Intv: Dump the water out
of the tube, suction patient
● Kinked Tubings
● Increased airway resistance (should be <35)
● Patient fighting on the ventilator: Intv: Sedate the
patient or insert tongue guard.
● Bronchospasm
● Tension Pneumothorax
● Malpositioned ET

MA and OSCE (2 decks)

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