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mrs. losoya pre-ap biology > Mrs. Losoya ACP Review > Flashcards

Mrs. Losoya ACP Review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Mutualism

A

Both species benefit.

Ex- Bees and Flowers

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2
Q

Commensalism

A

One species benefits the other is not affected

Ex- Whale and Barnacle

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3
Q

Parasitism

A

One species benefits the other is harmed

Ex- Dog and a Tick

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4
Q

Predation

A

One species benefits the other is killed

Ex- Lion and Gazelle

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5
Q

Competition

A

Both species are harmed competing for resources

Ex- Two male deer competing for a female

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6
Q

Carbon Cycle Sources

A

Respiration and Combustion (uptake through photosynthesis)

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7
Q

Levels of Organization

A 
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
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8
Q

Eutrophication

A

Excess nutrients deplete oxygen levels in lakes and ponds

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9
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

Excess carbon gets trapped in the atmosphere and heats up the earth

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10
Q

Biomolecules

A

The four molecules of life: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins

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11
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

Stores genetic information. Example- DNA and RNA

Monomer: Nucleotide

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12
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Quick energy for animals, makes up the cell wall in plants.

Monomer: Monosaccharide

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13
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple sugars or 1 sugar (Ex- candy)

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14
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Complex or many sugars (Ex- Starches)

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15
Q

Lipids

A

Used for long term energy storage, insulation, and hormones

Monomer: Glycerol and Fatty Acids

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16
Q

Protein

A

NOT used for energy unless needed. Forms structural component of cells, enzymes

Monomer: Amino Acids

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17
Q

Nucleotide

A

Monomer of Nucleic Acid. Composed of a 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate.

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18
Q

Enzymes

A

Speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

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19
Q

Factors that Effect Enzymes

A

pH, temperature, amount of substrate, and presence of an inhibitor

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20
Q

Enzyme Inhibitors

A

Competitive- Binds at the active site to prevent the substrate from attaching

Noncompetitive (also called allosteric)- binds somewhere other than the active site but changes the shape of the enzyme so nothing can fit together

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21
Q

Prokaryote

A

Oldest Cells, Bacteria, Don’t have nucleus or membrane- bound organelles

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22
Q

Eukaryote

A

More complex cells, have nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Ex- plants, animals, fungi, and protists

23
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

The theory that states that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from free-living bacteria cells

24
Q

Mitochondria

A

Creates energy through the process of cellular respiration

25
Q

Chloroplast

A

Creates sugar in autotrophic organisms

26
Q

Cell Wall

A

Structure and support

27
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Allows materials in and out of the cell

28
Q

Ribosomes

A

Create Protein

29
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

the base of the cell membrane composed of hydrophilic phoshate heads and hydrophobic lipid tails. Allows small materials in and out of the cell

30
Q

Selectively Permeable

A

The cell membrane only lets certain things through

31
Q

Hypertonic

A

A highly concentrated environment. Sucks water out of cells

32
Q

Hypotonic

A

Low concentration environment. Water fills the cell.

33
Q

Isotonic

A

A balanced solute concentration. Water enters and leaves the cell equally.

34
Q

Homeostasis

A

The act of keeping a constant internal balance

35
Q

Equation for photosynthesis

A

Light + CO2 + H2O > C6H12O6 + O2

36
Q

Equation for Respiration

A

O2 + C6H12O6 > H2O + CO2 + ATP

37
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Uses oxygen to make ATP. Very efficient

38
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

Doesn’t use oxygen to make ATP. Can be lactic acid or alcoholic. Not efficient

39
Q

Double Helix

A

The twisted ladder shape of DNA

40
Q

Nitrogen Bases

A

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

The sequence of these determines your traits

41
Q

Complementary DNA Base Pairs

A

A-T C-G

42
Q

DNA Replication

A

Making copies of DNA for cell growth and repair

43
Q

Primary Succession

A

Starts with bare rock; no soil.

Lichen is the pioneer species

44
Q

Secondary Succession

A

Starts with soil

45
Q

Synthesis

A

to create something

46
Q

Cell Cycle

A

The cycle of normal (body/nonsex) cells.

47
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled cell growth caused by faulty checkpoints

48
Q

Mitosis

A 
Cell Division. Stages are: 
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
49
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water across a cell membrane

50
Q

Passive Transport

A

Does not require energy and moves from high to low concentration (with the gradient)

51
Q

Active Transport

A

Requires energy to move from low to high concentration (against the gradient)

52
Q

S-Phase

A

DNA Synthesis, DNA Replication, Doubles the amount of DNA

53
Q

Pioneer Species

A

The first species to appear in an area

mrs. losoya pre-ap biology (2 decks)

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