Mrs C's Pearls of Wisdom Flashcards by Leanne Walsh

What is a cadence?

Two chords in succession at the end of a phrase

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Perfect Cadence

Chords V - I

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Imperfect Cadence

Chords I - V (sometimes IV - V)

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Plagal Cadence

Chords IV - I

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Interrupted Cadence

Chords V - VI

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Metre is…?

Time Signature

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Monophonic

Everyone is playing the same thing
Any number of instruments
Same thing could be different octaves

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Homophonic

Melody with accompaniment

Often all the parts have similar or the same rhythm

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Polyphonic

2 or more melodies working together
Will look a bit messy
Parts don’t have same rhythm at the same time

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Textural density is related to…?

How many parts, thick/dense or thin?

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Pizzicato (pizz)

Plucked (strings)

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Arco

Bowed (strings)

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Con Sord (Sordini)

Use mute (strings)

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Double/Triple Stopping

Play 2/3 notes at once (strings)

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Divisi (Div)

Divide (first player plays top note while the second plays lower note)

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Ped.

Use the right (sustaining) pedal (piano)

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SATB

Soprano, alto, tenor, bass (vocal)

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Voice/Solo Voice/Vocals (vocal)

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B Vx

Backing vocals (vocal)

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First degree of the scale

Tonic (I)

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Second degree of the scale

Supertonic (II)

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Third degree of the scale

Mediant (III)

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Fourth degree of the scale

Subdominant (IV)

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Fifth degree of the scale

Dominant (V)

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Sixth degree of the scale

Submediant (VI)

Seventh degree of the scale

Leading Note (VII)

Eighth degree of the scale

Tonic (I)

Slur means...?

To play two different notes smoothly

Tie

Hold same notes for their total value

Staccato

Detached

Legato

Play smoothly

Accent

Tenuto

arco

Play with the bow

pizz

Plucking

_ | | |

Down bow (strong sound)

fortissimo - very loud

forte - loud

mezzo forte - moderately loud

mezzo piano - moderately soft

piano - soft

pianissimo - very soft

cresc.

crescendo, getting louder

decresc.

decrescendo, getting softer

dim.

diminuendo, getting softer

sfz , sf , fz

(sforzando) forced

p sub. (subito)

suddenly soft

tutti

all play together

zu2 / a2

both play same part

melisma

2 or more notes per syllable (vocal)

maestoso

majestically

largo

very slow

lento

slow

adagio

slowly

andante

at a moderate/walking speed

moderato

at a moderate speed

allegretto

fairly quick, a little slower than allegro

allegro

fast

presto

very fast

rit.

getting slower

rall.

gradually getting slower

accel.

getting faster

a tempo

in time

primo tempo

at the first (original) speed

melodic range

from the lowest note to the highest note

system

a set of staves all played at the same time

motif/motive

short melodic idea

trombe

trumpet

cor / cors / corni

horns

interval of more than an octave

Compound

Piccolo sounds how much higher than what it is written?

An octave

Double Bass sounds how much lower than what it is written?

An octave

Double Bass is also known as a...?

String Bass

Formula for intervals...?

mMmM,p4,aug/dim,p5,mMmM 8ve

8ve

Octave

What do double barlines indicate?

Either a change in key signature or a change in time signature

ad.lib

make it up/improvise

marcato

marked

BD and SD

Bass Drum and Snare/Side Drum

The G clef is the...?

Treble Clef

The F clef is the...?

Bass Clef

The C clef is the...?

Alto Clef or Tenor Clef

Why are the C Clefs used?

To avoid ledger lines

What clef does the viola always use?

Alto Clef

What instruments use the Tenor Clef?

Cello, Bassoon, and Tenor Trombone in their higher registers.

Imitation

One part imitates or copies another part straight after it

Sequence

Melodic phrase repeated up or down a little bit

Pedal Note

Long held low note or repeated low note that can go on for many bars

Repetition

Same thing again (not necessarily one after the other)

Inversion

Turned upside down

Contrary Motion

Two parts going in opposite directions

Arpeggio

Broken Chord

Syncopation

The shifting of an accent from a strong beat to a weak beat

Augmentation

Note values are increased

Diminution

Note values are shortened

Cor Anglais

Sounds a perfect 5th lower than written

Clarinet in Bb

Sounds a major 2nd lower than written

Clarinet in A

Sounds a minor 3rd lower than written

Horns in F

Sounds a perfect 5th lower than written

Trumpet in Bb

Sounds a major 2nd lower than written