MRII CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
Refers to farm power and machinery for the production, harvesting,
processing, storage, manufacture, preserving, transporting and
distribution of agricultural and biological products/materials as well as
post harvest machines
Agricultural and Biosystems Power and
Machinery
– Improving the Agriculture and Fisheries
Sector through Mechanization.
Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Law
Republic Act 10601 (June 5, 2013)
Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Law
It covers research, development,
and extension, promotion, distribution, supply, assembling,
manufacturing, regulation, use, operation, and maintenance of
project implementation of agricultural and fisheries machinery and
equipment.
Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Law
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Law
Republic Act
10915 (July 21, 2016)
An act strengthening, modernizing and
aligning the practice of agricultural engineering in the country into
the internationally recognized practice of agricultural and biosystems
engineering, and for other purposes.
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Law – Republic Act
10915 (July 21, 2016)
consists of a mass of molecules that produces power
either heat, mechanical, electrical, chemical, or combinations of any
of them.
Energy
Simply, it is the capacity of a physical system to perform
work.
Energy
IT Is the rate at which energy is used or work is performed.
Power
it is calculated by dividing energy with time.
Power
IT Is the form of mechanical energy that
has something to do with the mass in motion.
Kinetic Energy
is the form of energy associated with
the position of the force field
Potential Energy
DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY
KINETIC, POTENTIAL, THERMAL, CHEMICAL, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, NUCLEAR, SOUND
is the energy associated with random
molecular motions within any medium and is usually related to
the increase or decrease in the temperature of a substance.
Heat (Thermal) Energy
– is the energy stored in certain chemicals
or materials that can be released by chemical reaction.
Chemical Energy
– is closely related to electrical energy.
When magnetic field is created, a force to propel devices, like
motors, solenoid valve, door bell, create a work
Magnetic Energy
is the form of energy generated by friction or
by chemical change, having magnetic chemical and radiant
effect.
Electrical Energy
is a part of the energy of an atomic nucleus,
which can be released by fusion or fission or radioactive
decay.
Nuclear Energy
– is the form of energy associated with the
vibration or disturbance of matter.
Sound Energy
Energy can be changed from one form to another, but
it cannot be created nor destroyed.
First Law of Thermodynamics
The total amount of energy and matter in the universe remains constant, merely changing from one form to another.
First Law of Thermodynamics
“energy is always conserved, it is
neither created nor destroyed.”
First Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law of Thermodynamics
Law of
Conservation
“in all
energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system,
the potential energy of the state will always be less than that
of the initial state.”
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
This is also commonly referred to as entropy. In the process
of energy transfer, some energy dissipate as heat.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
These are the commonly and widely used sources of
energy,
Conventional Energy Sources
Conventional Energy Sources
fossil fuel, hydroelectricity, thermal power (from
coal, mineral oil, natural gas), nuclear,
Non-Conventional Energy Sources
solar, tidal, wind,
biogas, and ocean thermal
These are the new sources of energy
Non-Conventional Energy Sources
They are also known as renewable energy sources.
Non-Conventional Energy Sources
- is energy that comes from
natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat
Renewable energy
ENERGY THAT are
naturally replenished at a constant rate.
Renewable energy
- is a natural resource which
cannot be reproduced, grown, generated, or used on a scale
which can sustain its consumption rate.
Non-renewable resource -
SOURCES OF ENERGY
Fuel Oil, Coal, Solar, Biomass, Wind, Hydro, Geothermal, Wave and Tidal, Ocean Thermal
Fuel Oil
Gasoline, Diesel, Kerosene, etc.
Solar
Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic
Biomass
Direct Combustion, Gasification, Pyrolysis, and
Biofuel
Wind
Windmill, Windpump, Wind Turbine
Generates power for farmstead such as lighting, driving
motor, heating, etc.
Generator (Mechanical to Electrical)
Provides power for various stationary farmstead
equipment
Motor (Electrical to Mechanical)
Provides power for both stationary and mobile
agricultural machines and equipment
Engine (Heat to Mechanical)
Supplies energy to propel high-speed equipment
used to drive small generators and milling machines
Turbine (Kinetic to Mechanical)
Provides steam for power generation and for
various food processing operation
Boiler (Heat to kinetic energy)
Supplies energy for drying, space heating, and others
Solar Collector (Solar radiation to heat energy )
Provides power for lighting, water pumping,
Solar Cell (Light to Electricity)
Runs small fan, cooling, etc.
Peltier Chip (Heat to
Electricity)
Burns fuel to produce heat for drying grains, kiln firing, tobacco curing, and others
Furnaces (Biomass to Heat)
Produces heat for various applications and for
powering gasoline or diesel engines.
Gasifier (Solid biomass to combustible gas)
Produces heat for cooking and for fueling
internal combustion engines.
Biogas Digester (Animal manure to combustible
gas)
the rate at which work is done. The rate at which an engine
can do work, usually at 550ft-lb/sec or 76.2 kg-m/sec.
Horsepower
the power developed in the cylinder of the engine by
the burning of fuel.
Indicated Horsepower
This can be computed as
PLANn/c
Indicated Horsepower
– the power available at the crankshaft of the engine
which is usually measured using a dynamometer.
Brake Horsepower
the power of the engine measured at the end of
suitable belt receiving drive from the power take off (PTO) shaft of the
tractor
Belt Horsepower
the power delivered by a tractor through the PTO shaft.
PTO Power
This is computed as,
2 𝝿 FRN/60 = 2 𝝿TN/60
PTO Power
the power of a tractor measured at the
end of the drawbar.
Drawbar Horse Power
It is the power which is available to pull loads
at a given speed.
Drawbar Horse Power
This can be computed as FS/3.6
Drawbar Horse Power
The power required to activate a hydraulic
cylinder at a given pressure gage and flow of fluid.
Hydraulic Power
This can be computed as pQ/1000
Hydraulic Power
– is the power supplied by an electrical system
required to drive a specific electrical equipment, like motor.
Electrical Power
It can be computed as IE
Electrical Power
It is the metric unit of energy.
Joule
It is equal to force times the distance. One metric unit
of force acting through one metric unit of distance.
Joule
1 J
= 1 N-m
= 0.737 ft-lb
It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.
British Thermal Unit
1 BTU
= 1.055 kJ
= 778.17 ft-lb
It is the amount of energy required to raise the
temperature of one gram of water by one
degree Celsius.
Calorie
1 Cal
= 4.1868 J
It is a force in pound acting on a distance of one foot.
Foot-Pound
Foot-Pound
= (1/775) BTU
= 1.355 N-m
It is the rate of using energy.
Power
It is usually expressed either in horsepower, watts,
pferde starke, etc.
Power
1 hp
= 745.7 W
= 76.2 kg-m/sec
= 2544.4 BTU/hr
SOURCES OF POWER
Human Power, Animal Power, Mechanical Power, Electrical Power, Renewable Energy Technologies
main source of power for operating small tools
and implements
Human Power
The average man power develops nearly…..
0.1 hp
most important power on the farm and is
estimated nearly 80 percent of the total draft power used in
agriculture.
Animal Power
Medium size bullock can develop between …
0.5 to 0.75 hp.
available through stationary engines and
tractors.
Mechanical Power
The efficiency of diesel varies between
32 to 38%
The efficiency of petrol fuel varies between
25 to 32%
Medium speed oil engines that are successfully
used in the farms is at the range oF
14 to 20hp.
commonly used in stationary equipment such as
those in post-harvest and agricultural & food and processing
plant.
Electrical Power –
uses renewable energy,
such as biomass, geothermal, solar, hydro, ocean, and wind, as
source of power.
Renewable Energy Technologies
The act regulating the practice of
agricultural (agricultural and
biosystems) engineering in the
Philippines.
Republic Act No. 8559 (RA 10915)
The process of raising the temperature
of food and water mixture to 100°C and
then allowing it to
simmer until the exothermic reaction in
the food is completed.
Steaming
Moving air is an example of _________
KINETIC ENERGY
A form of energy associated with
the position of the force field.
Potential energy
The law that states, “There is loss
in the system as the energy is
transformed in the system”.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The law that states, “Energy can
be created and destroyed”.
1st law of Thermodynamics
One hundred BTU is equal to
105.5 kJ
0.105 MJ
77817 ft-lb
An energy source that is commonly
used, like crude oil and geothermal.
Conventional energy
A mass of molecules that produces power
either heat, mechanical, electrical,
chemical or any of their combination.
a. Wood
b. Gasoline
c. Diesel
d. LPG
An example of non-conventional power source.
a. Photovoltaic cell
b. Wind turbine
c. Micro-hydro
Which of the following is a non-renewable fuel
a. Crude oil
b. Natural gas
c. Coal
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
Which of the following is higher?
a. 1 Joule
b. 1 N-m
c. 0.737 ft-lb
d. None of the above
d. None of the above
Which of the following fuel contains
methane and carbon dioxide gases?
a. Producer gas
b. Synthetic gas
c. Natural gas
d. None of the above
c. Natural gas
Which of the following comes from
crude oil?
a. Gasoline
b. Kerosene
c. Diesel
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
A device used to convert mechanical
power to electrical power.
Generator
A device used to convert electrical
power to mechanical power.
Motor
The kilo calories of heat used per
unit time.
Power
A device that converts the potential
energy of water into mechanical power
that drives a generator.
turbine
A solenoid valve operates
based on .
. magnetic energy
A device used to convert light to
electricity.
Photovoltaic cell
A device used to convert heat to
electricity.
. Thermoelectric chip
A device that converts heat
into steam providing kinetic
energy to produce mechanical
power.
steamer
A device that converts heat
into electricity
Peltier chip
Raising the temperature of
water by heating it from 28° to
100°C is an example of .
sensible heat
Mechanical to Electrical
Generator
Electrical to Mechanical
Motor
Heat to Mechanical
Engine
Kinetic to Mechanical
Turbine
Heat to kinetic energy
Boiler
Solar radiation to heat energy
Solar collector
Light to Electricity
Solar cell
Peltier Chip
Heat to
Electricity
(Biomass to Heat)
Furnaces
(Solid biomass to combustible gas)
Gasifier
(Animal manure to combustible
gas)
Biogas Digester
