MRI - PRELIM L1 Flashcards
Any material or object that produces a magnetic field
Magnet
It is a force field that can attract or repel other magnetic materials
Magnetic Field
The word magnetism is derived from the ______ word ______ from region _____
- Greek
- Magnes
- Magnesia
Man-made magnets can be used in the following materials except:
A. Electronics
B. Motors
C. Compasses
D. Lodestone
D. Lodestone
Magnets can either be _______ or ______
Natural or Man-made
Magnesia is now known as __________, found by a shepherd at around ________
- Manisa
- 1,000 BC
He noticed that a compass needle (which normally aligns with Earth’s magnetic field) deflected when placed near a wire carrying an electric current.
Hans Christian Orsted - 1820
Which type of natural magnet was discovered by the shepherd ?
BONUS Q: To whom did he consult and found out that metal can be magnetize by rubbing _______ on it ?
- Lodestone
BONUS Q: Pliny the Elder
He developed a method to measure the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei, laying the groundwork for Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR).
Isidor Isaac Rabi - 1930s
Bloch and Purcell were awarded with the Nobel Prize in _____ in _____
- Physics
- 1952
His works led to the explanation and development and concepts of NMR Spectroscopy
Edward Purcell - 1946
Fill in the blanks:
Damadian produced a crude NMR image of a _______ in _______ and the first body image in ________.
- Rat Tumor
- 1974
- 1977
He continued extensive studies with the NMR of water, thereby laying the groundwork for later developments that led to MRI
Felix Bloch - 1946
He showed that malignant tissue has a different NMR spectrum from normal tissue while working with NMR spectroscopy
Raymond Damadian
The first whole-body MRI system is named _______ with a field strength of only ~ 0.05 T
A. Inevitable
B. Immovable
C. Indomitable
D. Indestructible
C. Indomitable
How long did the first body image take to be produced ?
A. 4 Hours
B. 4 Days
C. 4 Weeks
D. 4 Months
A. 4 Hours
By collecting data from _____ voxels, with one voxel at a time, the image was crude, but clearly showed the heart, lungs, and the walls of the chest cavity.
A. 104 Voxels
B. 105 Voxels
C. 106 Voxels
D. 107 Voxels
C. 106 Voxels
What is the name of Damadian’s student / assistant ?
Larry Minkoff
Raymond Damadian is hence considered as ________
The Father of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
He proposed the concept of using magnetic field gradients to create two-dimensional images.
Paul C. Lauterbur - 1973
It is an imaging system that has a Gradient System (Gx, Gy, Gz) to pick up and excite a particular section of human body in three dimension then broadcast a first visual of 2 tube in Nature Magazine
Zeugmatography
In 1975, ________ from ________ University built the base of the Magnetic Resonance
- Richard Ernst
- Zurich
Ernst offered the method of FREQUENCY and PHASE CODING and thought of using ________instead of Radon Transform
Fourier Transform
He developed Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) which provided very fast imaging
Peter Mansfield - 1977
He discovered the multiplanar property of MR and detected first lesion.
Peter H. Hawkins - 1980
This technique was considered better for pathologic imaging
T2 Based Spin-Echo Technique
He obtained visuals by using the Ernst technique
William A. Edelstein - 1980
The first patient-applied contrast agent for MR is ________
Gadolinium - Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (Gd-DTPA)
This technique was used to image the heart’s phase in real-time
EPI Technique
He accomplished imaging of veins without contrast agents by developing Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Charles Dumuoulin
When was fMRI discovered ?
1993
The imaging of lungs was achieved in ______ by _______ and _______
1.1994
2. New York State
3. Princeton University
The FDA allowed marketing up to _____ Tesla Devices in _______
- 4
- 1998
Enumerate the Types of Magnets:
- Permanent Magnets
- Temporary Magnets
- Electromagnets
These magnets maintain their magnetism over time without needing any external power.
Permanent Magnets
These materials become magnetic only when exposed to a magnetic field.
Temporary Magnets
These are magnets that are created by running an electric current through a coil of wire, usually wrapped around a core made of ferromagnetic material.
Electromagnets
Magnetic poles are ______ and _____
North and South
These are areas/points where the magnetic force is the strongest
Magnetic Poles
Fill in the blanks:
Opposite Poles _____ whereas Like Poles ________
Opposite = Attract
Like = Repel
Magnetic field lines always go from the ______ to the ______
North Pole to the South Pole
The strength of the magnetic field is expressed in ______
tesla (T)
