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PC Basic science > MRC Basic Science > Flashcards

MRC Basic Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Hooke’s law.

A

Stress directly proportional to strain.

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2
Q

Point at which permanent deformation occurs.

A

Yield point.

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3
Q

If stress is removed then strain decreases to zero.

A

Elastic deformation.

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4
Q

Stress-strain curve zone to the right of the elastic region.

A

Plastic region.

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5
Q

If stress is removed then strain is not recovered.

A

Plastic deformation.

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6
Q

Origin to yield point in stress-strain curve.

A

Elastic region.

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7
Q

Yield point to ultimate strength point in stress-strain curve.

A

Plastic region.

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8
Q

Sress-strain curve zone to the right of the plastic region.

A

Necking region.

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9
Q

Stress-strain curve region from ultimate strength point to failure point of stress-strain curve.

A

Necking region.

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10
Q

Stiffness of a material is a measure of ____ deformation

A

elastic

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11
Q

Toughness of material.

A

Area under stress-strain curve.

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12
Q

Difference between yield point and fracture point characterizes this.

A

Ductility of material.

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13
Q

Strength of material characterized by this.

A

Maximum stress before failure.

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14
Q

Constant stress but change in strain over time.

A

Creep.

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15
Q

Constant strain but change in stress over time.

A

Stress relaxation.

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16
Q

Loading and unloading of material causes dissipation of energy.

A

Hysteresis.

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17
Q

Metal is an isotropic or anisotropic material.

A

Isotropic.

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18
Q

Titanium alloy used.

A

Titanium, aluminum, vanadium

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19
Q

Ceramic on ceramic hip material.

A

Alumina.

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20
Q

Ceramic material with poly bearing.

A

Zirconia.

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21
Q

PMMA stiffness falls here.

A

Between cortical and cancellous bone.

22
Q

Dextro (D) lactide monomor with bioabsorbable screws assoicated with this.

A

Rapid bone resorption and inflammatory response.

23
Q

Viscoelastic behavior with nonlinear elasticity is evidenced by this.

A

Toe region.

24
Q

Responsible for toe region of ligament.

A

Elastin.

25
Q

Stiffness of plate construct proportional to this.

A

Plate thickness to third power.

26
Q

IMN stiffness proportional to this.

A

Radius to fourth power.

27
Q

Most important factors of ex-fix stiffness (2).

A
  1. Fracture reduction

2. Large pin diameter

28
Q

Primary mechanism of lubrication for cartilage.

A

Elastohydrodynamic.

29
Q

Runx2

A

Osteoblast

30
Q

Sox9

A

Chondrocyte

31
Q

PPAR-gamma

A

Adipocytes

32
Q

PTH uses ____ ____ as mediator for cell signaling.

A

adenylyl cyclase

33
Q

Osteocytes are these former cells.

A

Former osteoblasts trapped in matrix they produced.

34
Q

Osteocytes inhibit osteoblasts via this molecule.

A

Sclerostin.

35
Q

PTH increase/decrease sclerostin?

A

Increase

36
Q

Calcitonin increase/decrease sclerostin?

A

Decrease

37
Q

Osteoclasts absorb this.

A

Mineralized matrix.

38
Q

How do osteoclasts bind to the bone?

A

Vibronectin (integrin).

39
Q

Major protelytic enzyme for bone digestion.

A

Cathepsin K.

40
Q

Osteoprotegrin does this.

A

Inhibits RANKL.

41
Q

Osteoblast differentiation pathway.

A

Wnt -> beta-catenin -> Runx2

42
Q

RANKL decoy receptor.

A

OPG (osteoprotegrin)

43
Q

Enzyme that breaks down cartilage matrix.

A

MMP13

44
Q

Peak bone mass is in this decade.

A

Third decade.

45
Q

Clonazepam increases/decreases sclerostin.

A

Increases.

46
Q

Besides T-score, what other score guides treatment of osteoporosis.

A

FRAX score.

47
Q

Duration of bisphosphonate treatment prior to atypical subtroch fracture.

A

4 years.

48
Q

Teriparatide (forteo) has the theoretical risk of this.

A

Secondary chondrosarcoma.

49
Q

IgG2 antibody to RANKL.

A

Denosumab.

50
Q

Sclerostin antibody.

A

Romosozumab.

51
Q

Most prominent tendon proteoglycan.

A

Decorin.

PC Basic science (9 decks)

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