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COMPUTING YEAR 10 > Mr White Test 2 > Flashcards

Mr White Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many unique characters are on a keyboard

A

98

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2
Q

What is a Character set

A

A set of letters, symbols and digits that can be represented on a computer

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3
Q

What are the two major character sets in use today

A

ASCII and unicode

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4
Q

What does Unicode do better than ASCII

A

Stores characters in less bytes

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5
Q

What does ASCII do

A

Encodes 128 characters into 7 bit binary code

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6
Q

How many characters can unicode store

A

17 x 2^16

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7
Q

What are storage forms of images

A

JPEG, PNG, GIF, BITMAP, TIFF, HEIC

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8
Q

What are the two main types of graphics formats

A

Bitmaps and vectors

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9
Q

What are bitmap images made up of

A

Pixels

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10
Q

What is a pixel

A

The smallest identifiable area of an image

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11
Q

What is each pixel

A

A single colour that is given a binary value that represents that colour

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12
Q

What is the resolution of an image

A

The total number of pixels in an image (width x height)

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13
Q

What is PPI or DPI

A

Pixel per inch / dots per inch. 72 PPI is typical resolution

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14
Q

What is colour depth

A

The number of bits available to store the colour of each pixel

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15
Q

How many colours can you represent with 3 bits

A
  1. This is a colour depth of 3
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16
Q

What are some different ways to represent colour

A

Red green blue (RGB), hue saturation value (HSV), hue saturation lightness (HSL)

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17
Q

What is the standard depth of colour

A

24 bit RGB

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18
Q

Example question: Mary has an image with a 2 bit colour depth that is 300 by 400 pixels. What is the representation in bytes?

A

30000 bytes

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19
Q

Example question 2: 24 bit RGB image that is 50x100 pixels. Rep in bytes

A

15000 bytes

20
Q

Stuff about sound

A

High or low pressure waves, compression - high, refractions - low

21
Q

What is an analogue format in sound

A

Sound that originates in the real world. Has no exact value and varies continuously

22
Q

How can we represent sound

A

In the form of a wave

23
Q

What does discrete mean

A

Exact

24
Q

What must be done to sound in order to store it on a computer

A

It must be converted to a digital form

25
Q

What is ADC

A

Analogue to digital converter. Used to convert inputs to digital signals

26
Q

What is DAC

A

Digital to audio converter. Used to convert digital signals to outputs

27
Q

What does sample size/resolution/audio bit depth represent

A

Number of bits used for each sample

28
Q

What does bit rate represent

A

Number of bits used per second

29
Q

What does sampling frequency / sample rate represent

A

Number of samples per second

30
Q

What are samples in sound

A

Takes the exact value of a sound at regular intervals. Measured in hertz. 1Hz = 1 sample per second

31
Q

What does frequency / sample rate affect

A

The detail in the digital representation

32
Q

Greater the frequency greater the …

A

Accuracy and file size

33
Q

File size for sounds=

A

Bit depth x sampling rate x duration

34
Q

What does number of bits used to store each sample determine

A

How accurate the amplitude is

35
Q

Recording quality improves by:

A

Increasing the sample rate, how accurately we record the wave length by increasing it rate

36
Q

What does increasing sampling rate mean

A

Recording more data points

37
Q

What does metadata do

A

Can increase file size

38
Q

What is compression

A

The name given to algorithms which reduce file sizes

39
Q

What is decompression

A

The process where compressed data is restored to its original format

40
Q

What are the two types of compression

A

Lossy (JPG, MP3) and Lossless (PNG, TIFF, GIF)

41
Q

What does lossy compression do

A

Permanently remove some data (works when we have excess data we don’t need)

42
Q

What are digital artefacts

A

The small mistakes that result from lossy compression

43
Q

What does lossless compression do

A

Eliminates redundant information, often achieved by spotting patterns in the data

44
Q

What is run length encoding

A

When data is uncompressed it is restored exactly as it was in the original

45
Q

What is dictionary compression

A

Finds patterns in the original text and encodes each pattern in a dictionary

46
Q

Benefits of compression

A

Smaller file sizes = fewer packets = faster transmission time, reduces download times of video, sound and image files, images inside web pages appear faster, reduces space on disks / servers

47
Q

What is metadata

A

A set of data that describes and gives information about other data

COMPUTING YEAR 10 (4 decks)

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