Mr Tim Mackenzie shortlist Flashcards
Explain why Peter is considered the first pope.
St Peter, leader of the apostles, is widely regarded as the first pope. But by inferring, and reading between the lines we can learn that he had a close relationship with Jesus, he had a leadership role among the disciples and had a crucial role in the early spread of the gospel. When Jesus changed his name to Peter which is the Greek word for rock, he was asking for him to be the foundation upon which he would build his church and he continued to lead the church after the assumption till death. In Matthew’s Gospel, Jesus gives the Keys of Heaven to St. Peter, that everything bound on Earth would be Bound in Heaven. The Roman Catholic Church teaches that God passed Peter’s apostolic authority to those who filled his seat as the bishop of Rome. Jesus’ choice all those years ago is the reason that we as Christians consider Peter the first pope.
Describe at least one lasting effect of Charlemagne’s reign
Charlemagne knew that learning was important, and so many books were hand translated and written during his reign, these books being stored in Monasteries. In 787, Charlemagne made it that Bishop houses and Monasteries would be the main places of learnings and education. This effect was that Funding of Schools and education would always be supported by the government. Charlemagne built many Churches and established many schools that would later become big universities. His rule spurred the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of increased cultural and intellectual activity within the Church. Charlemagne also brought in the Feudal system and 3 tier farming. He extended Christianity into Northern Europe and helped the blending of Germanic, Roman and Christian traditions. Setting up strong, efficient governments, being used as an example model for later rulers.
Describe what Martin Luther wanted to achieve.
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Martin Luther was a devoted and persistent man when it came to his views. His views would often oppose those of the church. Specifically, the sola gratia, sola fide, and sola scriptura views which he established in his 95 theses. Martin Luther used the printing press to his advantage, spreading his ideals to the people. He believed that the forgiveness of sins should be based on God’s grace, faith, and scripture alone. Luther hated Simony and indulgences and he aimed to stomp out corruption in the church. Luther’s ideals were heavily connected to his past in scripture, claiming that Baptism and Eucharist were the only sacraments, as they were the only ones in the Bible. And with priests not having to be celibate, as it is not in the Bible. Thus birthing the Lutheran church which put these aspects into action. He wanted the Catholic Church to reform its theology and practice.
Explain why Edmund Rice is remembered as a man of compassion
Edmund Rice was a wealthy man during the times when Catholics were discriminated against, especially in Ireland which was under the rule of England, where Anglicanism was dominant and Catholicism was looked down on. Edmund saw the many futureless children in the streets, and from then devoted himself to helping to educate them, giving them a chance at life. As one of the richest men in Cork, he used his vast wealth to fund and build many schools. Unexpectedly, he took the time to shake each and every boy’s hand, who entered the school, every morning. This is surprising as most people in his shoes would not associate themselves with lower classes, especially not the paupers. Rice is known for his quote “give to the poor in handfuls.” The Christian Brothers is an organisation that was founded by Rice, it is all around the world, continuing Edmund’s work in educating the poor, establishing his legacy of being a man of compassion.
Describe at least three benefits of the reforms of the Second Vatican Council.
The Second Vatican Council was a revolutionary, 3 years long, council initiated by Pope John XXIII. Pope John claimed that the council called for reform but not in a way that changes the faith. It was called to ‘open the windows and air it open’. It affirmed the teaching of the Council of Trent that Jews were not responisble for the death of Christ. Reforms to the liturgy, use of the vernacular and priests facing the congregation spread the mass even further around the world, as it made the natives feel closer to the Priest, praying in the same language and the Priest facing them instead of his back turned on them. It expressed regret and reconciled with the Eastern Rite. In this way, a ‘medicine of mercy {was used} rather than the weapon of severity.’ Those are the 3 reasons why Vatican II was so important.
Describe the work of the Missionaries of Charity
the Missionaries of Charity are a very noble group that devotes themselves to helping the sick and poor, and those who were with no love for themselves. Their main purpose was providing and giving people that had nothing, no love and were alone in life, love and attention, making them feel like sons and daughters of God, displaying God’s love for them. Founded by Mother Teresa in 1950, the organization has been helping people since. Over time, many hospices and orphanages, including Kalighat and Shanti Nager that help comfort the dying, have been organised. In Asia, Africa and Latin America, they provide help the poor, refugees and disaster relief. And in Western Countries, shut-ins, alcholics, homeless and AIDS sufferers. The prestigiousness of the Organization saw Mother Teresa being awarded the Nobel peace prize in 1979. That is essentially the outline of the prestigious work that the Missionaries of Charity have been doing.
Explain why the Council of Trent was called and list and explain at least three ways that demonstrate that the Council was trying to reform the church from within.
Three ways that the Council of Trent was trying to reform the Church from within were the reforms to Bishops and priests, the reaffirmations and the repudiations. Bishops and priests could only hold one position, simony was forbidden and celibacy was to be followed. The Nicene Creed was reaffirmed, the 7 Sacraments and Purgatory. Sola Fide was replaced by Faith and Good works, Scripture and Tradition instead of Sola Scriptura, predestination was repudiated. The changes to priesthood and introduction of seminaries was to get rid of corruption, and make sure priests were well taught. Basic truths were made sure to be drilled into the priests, and due to problems with indulgences, Purgatory was reaffirmed. St. Paul had stated that of faith, hope and love that love was the greatest, countereating sola fide. And that although we are ultimately saved by God’s graces, we must cooperate with it, in order to be saved.
Describe the main focus of Renaissance Art
It was the ‘rebirth’ of classical ideas and artistic works. In Renaissance artwork, the main focus is on the Idealism, Realism and Perspective. Humans are portrayed as muscular and attractive because they were created in God’s image and God is beautiful. Michelangelo’s David shows the ideal human body, muscular and beautiful. Realism involved techniques that made subjects and background look real. Leonardo Da Vinci explained the perfect proportions in the human body in his famous Vitruvian Man. Perspective is art that captures the depth and has the realistic illusion of space. An example is The Last Supper by Da Vinci.Those are essentially the basic ideals and focuses of the Renaissance artworks
