mq done to open questions Flashcards
how is p53 activated and inactivated?
phosphoylation activates p53
mdm is able to inactivate p53
what is the first enzyme to act in base excision repair?
DNA glycosylase
what influences transcription in bacterias?
sigma factor
repressore
activators
what is the biological role of restriction enzyme
degrade foreign DNA that enters a bacterium
which phenomena characterize the process of apoptotic cell death?
membrane blebbing
clumping of chromatin, condensation of nucleus, ladder type fragmentation of DNA
formation of membrane bound vesicles
what is the function for myc protein?
it is a transcription factor
it is activated by mad/max heterodimer
myc stimulates cell differentiation
insulin receptor protein 1 (IRS1) is a:?
phosphotyrosine docking protein
what is involved in phospholipase C activation?
serpemtine receptors are involved ( this is another name for G-prot coupled receptor)
heteromeric G proteins are involved
the role of Dam methyl’s is to:
tag(methylate) the template strand for recognition by repair systems
what are the essential acids?
linoleic acid and linolenic acid
what are the first phases of biotransformation?
hydroxylation and hydrolysis
can urea be produced by the kidneys?
nope! its produced by the liver
what is the nitrogen donor in the heme biosynthesis?
glycine
synthesis of NO starts from?
arginine
what glucose transporter do we find in adipose tissue?
GLUT-4, its insulin dependent.
what is substrate for alpha amylase?
glycogen, maltose, amylopectin, matotriose
it hydrolyses a(1-4) bonds.
what happens during very long starvation?
stress hormones initiate gluconeogeneis in the kidney
gluconeogenesis in the liver is decreased by acidosis
keton bodies suppress proteolysis
serum level of FFA increases
in the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, the methyl group is:
SAM
which receptors are involved in uptake of cholesterol originating from peripheral tissues?
SRB1 and ABCA1
what is Gilbert’s syndrom?
is an unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
what can tryptophan be a precursor for?
acetoacetyl Coa
nicotinamide
alanine
serotonine
what is reverse transcriptase encoded by?
retroviruses
what are involved in removal of intron sequences from mRNA precursors?
uRNA
small nuclear ribomucleoproteins
the signal recognition particle. what is it, what does it contain and what does it interact with?
its a GTPase
contains RNA
inter acs with ER
what does co-trnaslational translocation of newly synthesized proteins in ER require?
- GTP hydrolysis by SRP receptor
- Sec61 complex
formation of the ribosomal initiation complex for bacterial protein synthesis require what?
formylmethionyl tRNA fMET
initiation factor 2
GTP
mRNA
which nucleosides have amino group in their structure?
cytosine, guanine, adenine
what can activate adenylate kinase though Gs protein
glucagon, histamine, adrenalin
how can you get information about the membrane topology of an ion channel?
by using hydropathy plot
the conversion of glucose to ribulose-5-phosphate yields how many moles of _____ ?
2 NADPH
to get this we have to use 1 ATP.
a person that is unable to synth ribulose-5-phosphate would def need to be supplied with?
nucleic acids.
which proteins participate in reverse cholesterol transport?
Apo-A1 and LCAT
phase 1 reactions?
hydroxylation
hydrolysis
oxydation
reduction
what is used in chemotherapy as an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase?
Metothrexate
what reaction is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase?
AMP–> inosine
what enzyme convert inosine to hypoxanthine?
purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)
which reactions participate in NH3-elimination?
oxidative deamination of AAs Transamination AMP deaminase Glutamine synthase Urea synthesis
which amino acids are both keto and glucogenic?
Isoleucine Tyrosine Trp Thr phenylalanine
which amina acids are ketogenic?
Leucine
Lysine
which lipoprotein carries cholesterol to extra hepatic tissues?
LDL
which compounds are involved in purine synthesis?
N10-formyl tetroahydrofolate
Aspartate
Glutamine
the prothrombin time assay provides information on the plasma levels of which factors?
fibrinogen prothrombin V VII X
What is the reaction of ALA synthase?
succinyl Coa + glycine –> ALA
cofactor: PLP
inhibited by HEME
What is inhibited by TFPI?
X, VII
which lipids are essential for the normal function of the alveolar surfactant?
Dipalmitoyl-phosphaidylcholine
Phosphatidylethaolamine
ubiquitin is a ___?
component of the electron transport chain
the biological role of restriction enzymes is to___?
degrade foreign DNA that enters a bacterium
RLFP is a?
variation in DNA base sequence
What is involved in the efflux of mitochondrial Ca2+?
Na/Ca exchanger
Degradation of cAMP can be activated by___?
cGMP
