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Y biochem final > mq done to open questions > Flashcards

mq done to open questions Flashcards

1
Q

how is p53 activated and inactivated?

A

phosphoylation activates p53

mdm is able to inactivate p53

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2
Q

what is the first enzyme to act in base excision repair?

A

DNA glycosylase

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3
Q

what influences transcription in bacterias?

A

sigma factor
repressore
activators

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4
Q

what is the biological role of restriction enzyme

A

degrade foreign DNA that enters a bacterium

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5
Q

which phenomena characterize the process of apoptotic cell death?

A

membrane blebbing
clumping of chromatin, condensation of nucleus, ladder type fragmentation of DNA
formation of membrane bound vesicles

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6
Q

what is the function for myc protein?

A

it is a transcription factor
it is activated by mad/max heterodimer
myc stimulates cell differentiation

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7
Q

insulin receptor protein 1 (IRS1) is a:?

A

phosphotyrosine docking protein

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8
Q

what is involved in phospholipase C activation?

A

serpemtine receptors are involved ( this is another name for G-prot coupled receptor)
heteromeric G proteins are involved

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9
Q

the role of Dam methyl’s is to:

A

tag(methylate) the template strand for recognition by repair systems

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10
Q

what are the essential acids?

A

linoleic acid and linolenic acid

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11
Q

what are the first phases of biotransformation?

A

hydroxylation and hydrolysis

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12
Q

can urea be produced by the kidneys?

A

nope! its produced by the liver

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13
Q

what is the nitrogen donor in the heme biosynthesis?

A

glycine

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14
Q

synthesis of NO starts from?

A

arginine

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15
Q

what glucose transporter do we find in adipose tissue?

A

GLUT-4, its insulin dependent.

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16
Q

what is substrate for alpha amylase?

A

glycogen, maltose, amylopectin, matotriose

it hydrolyses a(1-4) bonds.

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17
Q

what happens during very long starvation?

A

stress hormones initiate gluconeogeneis in the kidney
gluconeogenesis in the liver is decreased by acidosis
keton bodies suppress proteolysis
serum level of FFA increases

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18
Q

in the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, the methyl group is:

A

SAM

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19
Q

which receptors are involved in uptake of cholesterol originating from peripheral tissues?

A

SRB1 and ABCA1

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20
Q

what is Gilbert’s syndrom?

A

is an unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

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21
Q

what can tryptophan be a precursor for?

A

acetoacetyl Coa
nicotinamide
alanine
serotonine

22
Q

what is reverse transcriptase encoded by?

A

retroviruses

23
Q

what are involved in removal of intron sequences from mRNA precursors?

A

uRNA

small nuclear ribomucleoproteins

24
Q

the signal recognition particle. what is it, what does it contain and what does it interact with?

A

its a GTPase
contains RNA
inter acs with ER

25
Q

what does co-trnaslational translocation of newly synthesized proteins in ER require?

A
  • GTP hydrolysis by SRP receptor

- Sec61 complex

26
Q

formation of the ribosomal initiation complex for bacterial protein synthesis require what?

A

formylmethionyl tRNA fMET
initiation factor 2
GTP
mRNA

27
Q

which nucleosides have amino group in their structure?

A

cytosine, guanine, adenine

28
Q

what can activate adenylate kinase though Gs protein

A

glucagon, histamine, adrenalin

29
Q

how can you get information about the membrane topology of an ion channel?

A

by using hydropathy plot

30
Q

the conversion of glucose to ribulose-5-phosphate yields how many moles of _____ ?

A

2 NADPH

to get this we have to use 1 ATP.

31
Q

a person that is unable to synth ribulose-5-phosphate would def need to be supplied with?

A

nucleic acids.

32
Q

which proteins participate in reverse cholesterol transport?

A

Apo-A1 and LCAT

33
Q

phase 1 reactions?

A

hydroxylation
hydrolysis
oxydation
reduction

34
Q

what is used in chemotherapy as an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase?

A

Metothrexate

35
Q

what reaction is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase?

A

AMP–> inosine

36
Q

what enzyme convert inosine to hypoxanthine?

A

purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)

37
Q

which reactions participate in NH3-elimination?

A 
oxidative deamination of AAs
Transamination
AMP deaminase
Glutamine synthase
Urea synthesis
38
Q

which amino acids are both keto and glucogenic?

A 
Isoleucine
Tyrosine
Trp
Thr
phenylalanine
39
Q

which amina acids are ketogenic?

A

Leucine

Lysine

40
Q

which lipoprotein carries cholesterol to extra hepatic tissues?

A

LDL

41
Q

which compounds are involved in purine synthesis?

A

N10-formyl tetroahydrofolate
Aspartate
Glutamine

42
Q

the prothrombin time assay provides information on the plasma levels of which factors?

A 
fibrinogen
prothrombin
V
VII
X
43
Q

What is the reaction of ALA synthase?

A

succinyl Coa + glycine –> ALA
cofactor: PLP
inhibited by HEME

44
Q

What is inhibited by TFPI?

A

X, VII

45
Q

which lipids are essential for the normal function of the alveolar surfactant?

A

Dipalmitoyl-phosphaidylcholine

Phosphatidylethaolamine

46
Q

ubiquitin is a ___?

A

component of the electron transport chain

47
Q

the biological role of restriction enzymes is to___?

A

degrade foreign DNA that enters a bacterium

48
Q

RLFP is a?

A

variation in DNA base sequence

49
Q

What is involved in the efflux of mitochondrial Ca2+?

A

Na/Ca exchanger

50
Q

Degradation of cAMP can be activated by___?

A

cGMP

Y biochem final (3 decks)

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