mq done to open questions

Question 1

how is p53 activated and inactivated?

Answer 1

phosphoylation activates p53

mdm is able to inactivate p53

Question 2

what is the first enzyme to act in base excision repair?

Answer 2

DNA glycosylase

Question 3

what influences transcription in bacterias?

Answer 3

sigma factor
repressore
activators

Question 4

what is the biological role of restriction enzyme

Answer 4

degrade foreign DNA that enters a bacterium

Question 5

which phenomena characterize the process of apoptotic cell death?

Answer 5

membrane blebbing
clumping of chromatin, condensation of nucleus, ladder type fragmentation of DNA
formation of membrane bound vesicles

Question 6

what is the function for myc protein?

Answer 6

it is a transcription factor
it is activated by mad/max heterodimer
myc stimulates cell differentiation

Question 7

insulin receptor protein 1 (IRS1) is a:?

Answer 7

phosphotyrosine docking protein

Question 8

what is involved in phospholipase C activation?

Answer 8

serpemtine receptors are involved ( this is another name for G-prot coupled receptor)
heteromeric G proteins are involved

Question 9

the role of Dam methyl’s is to:

Answer 9

tag(methylate) the template strand for recognition by repair systems

Question 10

what are the essential acids?

Answer 10

linoleic acid and linolenic acid

Question 11

what are the first phases of biotransformation?

Answer 11

hydroxylation and hydrolysis

Question 12

can urea be produced by the kidneys?

Answer 12

nope! its produced by the liver

Question 13

what is the nitrogen donor in the heme biosynthesis?

Answer 13

glycine

Question 14

synthesis of NO starts from?

Answer 14

arginine

Question 15

what glucose transporter do we find in adipose tissue?

Answer 15

GLUT-4, its insulin dependent.

Question 16

what is substrate for alpha amylase?

Answer 16

glycogen, maltose, amylopectin, matotriose

it hydrolyses a(1-4) bonds.

Question 17

what happens during very long starvation?

Answer 17

stress hormones initiate gluconeogeneis in the kidney
gluconeogenesis in the liver is decreased by acidosis
keton bodies suppress proteolysis
serum level of FFA increases

Question 18

in the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, the methyl group is:

Answer 18

SAM

Question 19

which receptors are involved in uptake of cholesterol originating from peripheral tissues?

Answer 19

SRB1 and ABCA1

Question 20

what is Gilbert’s syndrom?

Answer 20

is an unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Question 21

what can tryptophan be a precursor for?

Answer 21

acetoacetyl Coa
nicotinamide
alanine
serotonine

Question 22

what is reverse transcriptase encoded by?

Answer 22

retroviruses

Question 23

what are involved in removal of intron sequences from mRNA precursors?

Answer 23

uRNA

small nuclear ribomucleoproteins

Question 24

the signal recognition particle. what is it, what does it contain and what does it interact with?

Answer 24

its a GTPase
contains RNA
inter acs with ER

Question 25

what does co-trnaslational translocation of newly synthesized proteins in ER require?

Answer 25

- GTP hydrolysis by SRP receptor | - Sec61 complex

Question 26

formation of the ribosomal initiation complex for bacterial protein synthesis require what?

Answer 26

formylmethionyl tRNA fMET initiation factor 2 GTP mRNA

Question 27

which nucleosides have amino group in their structure?

Answer 27

cytosine, guanine, adenine

Question 28

what can activate adenylate kinase though Gs protein

Answer 28

glucagon, histamine, adrenalin

Question 29

how can you get information about the membrane topology of an ion channel?

Answer 29

by using hydropathy plot

Question 30

the conversion of glucose to ribulose-5-phosphate yields how many moles of _____ ?

Answer 30

2 NADPH | to get this we have to use 1 ATP.

Question 31

a person that is unable to synth ribulose-5-phosphate would def need to be supplied with?

Answer 31

nucleic acids.

Question 32

which proteins participate in reverse cholesterol transport?

Answer 32

Apo-A1 and LCAT

Question 33

phase 1 reactions?

Answer 33

hydroxylation hydrolysis oxydation reduction

Question 34

what is used in chemotherapy as an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase?

Answer 34

Metothrexate

Question 35

what reaction is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase?

Answer 35

AMP--> inosine

Question 36

what enzyme convert inosine to hypoxanthine?

Answer 36

purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)

Question 37

which reactions participate in NH3-elimination?

Answer 37

``` oxidative deamination of AAs Transamination AMP deaminase Glutamine synthase Urea synthesis ```

Question 38

which amino acids are both keto and glucogenic?

Answer 38

``` Isoleucine Tyrosine Trp Thr phenylalanine ```

Question 39

which amina acids are ketogenic?

Answer 39

Leucine | Lysine

Question 40

which lipoprotein carries cholesterol to extra hepatic tissues?

Answer 40

LDL

Question 41

which compounds are involved in purine synthesis?

Answer 41

N10-formyl tetroahydrofolate Aspartate Glutamine

Question 42

the prothrombin time assay provides information on the plasma levels of which factors?

Answer 42

``` fibrinogen prothrombin V VII X ```

Question 43

What is the reaction of ALA synthase?

Answer 43

succinyl Coa + glycine --> ALA cofactor: PLP inhibited by HEME

Question 44

What is inhibited by TFPI?

Answer 44

X, VII

Question 45

which lipids are essential for the normal function of the alveolar surfactant?

Answer 45

Dipalmitoyl-phosphaidylcholine | Phosphatidylethaolamine

Question 46

ubiquitin is a ___?

Answer 46

component of the electron transport chain

Question 47

the biological role of restriction enzymes is to___?

Answer 47

degrade foreign DNA that enters a bacterium

Question 48

RLFP is a?

Answer 48

variation in DNA base sequence

Question 49

What is involved in the efflux of mitochondrial Ca2+?

Answer 49

Na/Ca exchanger

Question 50

Degradation of cAMP can be activated by___?

Answer 50

cGMP