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Biology > MPI U2 Organic Chem Practice Quiz > Flashcards

MPI U2 Organic Chem Practice Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q 
The process in which two monosaccharide molecules combine under certain conditions is an example of
A. respiration
B. dehydration synthesis
C. hydrolysis
D. enzyme deactivation
A

dehydration synthesis

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2
Q 
During chemical digestion, large food molecules are broken down into smaller food molecules by the process of
A. synthesis
B. absorption
C. hydrolysis
D. excretion
A

hydrolysis

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3
Q 
What is represented by this chemical formula? C6H12O6
A. glucose molecule
B. lipid atoms
C. oxygen gas
D. water
A

glucose molecule

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4
Q 
What substance is formed as a result of the chemical breakdown of starch (polysaccharide)?
A. sucrose
B. cellulose
C. chitin
D. glucose
A

glucose

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5
Q 
What elements are present in all organic compounds?
A. nitrogen and carbon
B. nitrogen and oxygen
C. carbon and hydrogen
D. carbon and oxygen
A

carbon and hydrogen

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6
Q 
Which compound is a polysaccharide?
A. maltose
B. starch
C. ribose
D. glucose
A

starch

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7
Q 
Which molecule is added during dehydration synthesis and removed during hydrolysis?
A. salt
B. disaccharide
C. fructose
D. water
A

water

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8
Q 
What is the process called when water is added to split a disaccharide into its monosaccharides? 
A dehydration synthesis
B hydrolysis
C combustion
D oxidation
A

hydrolysis

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9
Q

How do you easily identify sugars

A

when you see a ring (ring - ring pop - sugars)

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10
Q

pH 7 is…

A

Pure water (water that has “impurities” removed)

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11
Q

compounds that dissolve in water to produce solutions with an excess of H+ ions or OH- ions

A

ACIDS AND BASES

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12
Q

A solution that has an excess of H+ ions

A

Acids

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13
Q

A solution that has an excess of OH- ions

A

Base

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14
Q

chemical process that makes H+ ions and OH- ions equal

A

Neutralization

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15
Q

scale used to measure H+ ions

A

pH scale

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16
Q

stands for potential hydrogen

A

pH

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17
Q

Living things are mostly composed of 4 elements

A

C H O N - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

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18
Q

a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together

A

Compound

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19
Q

smallest part of a compound

A

Molecule

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20
Q

Made by organisms - Contain C H (Carbon and hydrogen)

A

Organic compounds

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21
Q

what type of compound is water

A

Inorganic Compounds

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22
Q

Compounds are broken down into two general categories

A

Inorganic Compounds and Organic compounds

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23
Q

able to: form strong stable covalent bonds, form up to 4 chemical bonds, can form multiple bonds

A

carbon

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24
Q

have been grown or farmed without the use of artificial chemicals, hormones, antibiotics or genetically modified organisms

A

Organic foods

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25
Q

what do organic compounds often form from long chains of smaller molecules.

A

HUGE macromolecules

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26
Q

molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

A

Monomer

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27
Q

a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of many repeated subunits (monomers)

A

Polymer

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28
Q

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS include:

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acids
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29
Q

sugars and starches

A

Carbohydrates

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30
Q

ONLY COMPOUND WITH A RATIO

A

Carbohydrates

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31
Q

Building blocks of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides: simple sugars

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32
Q
  • Provide and store energy for cells.
  • Include glucose and fructose.
  • Names of sugars usually end in “-ose”.
  • Structure: “ring pop”
A

Monosaccharides

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33
Q

Monosaccharides can be linked together through the process of…

A

dehydration synthesis

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34
Q

Water is removed resulting in a ________ between the 2 molecules.

A

covalent bond

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35
Q

“removing water” ”combine”

A

Dehydration Synthesis

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36
Q

two monosaccharides combined

A

Disaccharide

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37
Q

“many” (3 or more) monosaccharides linked together in a single chain

A

Polysaccharide

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38
Q

used for storage and structural components of organisms

A

Polysaccharides

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39
Q

STORAGE: Plants - ______ used for energy storage in roots, stems, and leaves.

A

starch

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40
Q

STORAGE: Animals - ________ branched polysaccharide used for energy storage in the liver of organisms

A

glycogen

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41
Q

STRUCTURE: Plants – ______ is made of polysaccharide chains (e.g. Wood) not very digestible

A

cellulose

42
Q

STRUCTURE: Animals - ______ = exoskeleton

A

chitin

43
Q

Starch (plants)

Glycogen (animals)

A

storage

44
Q

Cellulose

Chitin

A

structure

45
Q

one simple sugar

A

Monosaccharides

46
Q

double sugar

A

Disaccharides

47
Q

“many” (long chains…sugar polymer)

A

Polysaccharides

48
Q

process where molecules are broken apart by “adding” water

A

Hydrolysis

49
Q

Glycogen can be broken down to…

A

Glucose

50
Q

What is the formula for Glucose

A

C6H12O6

51
Q

Makes life possible in its present degree of complexity

A

Proteins

52
Q

_______ are proteins

A

enzymes

53
Q

Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen

A

PROTEINS! only one with nitrogens

54
Q

Building blocks of protein

A

amino acids

55
Q

20 different…

A

amino acids

56
Q

R =

A

variable

57
Q

2 amino acids combined by dehydration synthesis.

A

Dipeptide

58
Q

covalent bond that joins two amino acids together is called a…

A

PEPTIDE BOND

59
Q

The amino acids are joined together by…

A

dehydration synthesis

60
Q

3 or more amino acids combined together.

A

Polypeptide

61
Q
  • A sequence of amino acids (polypeptide chain) interact to form shapes
  • these shapes fold up to form three dimensional structures
  • proteins can interact with other proteins
A

proteins

62
Q

Amino acids build two types of proteins:

A

structural and chemical

63
Q
  1. structure – part of cells (cytoskeleton) growth / repair body tissue (muscle)
  2. biochemical - enzymes
  3. cell signaling - receptors on cells
  4. Regulation – hormones (insulin, HGH)
  5. Defense – antibodies
  6. Pigments
  7. transport – O2 - hemoglobin in blood
  8. brain signaling
A

Functions of Proteins

64
Q

Nucleic Acids

A 
DNA & RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid  (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid  (RNA)
65
Q

Found in every ______ ______ and are important in the mechanism of heredity.

A

living cell

66
Q

DNA is the molecule where your ______ are located.

A

genes

67
Q

Code of life which directs ________ _________

A

protein synthesis

68
Q

Building Block of DNA

A

nucleotide

69
Q

Twisted ladder

A

double helix

70
Q

Lipids

A

fats, oils and waxes

71
Q

Lipids furnish about twice as much ________ as carbohydrates.

A

energy

72
Q

_________ energy storage

A

Long-term

73
Q

elements of lipids

A

C H O carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

74
Q

elements of proteins

A

C H O N carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

75
Q

elements of carbohydrates

A

C H O carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

ratio of elements H:O 2:1 (only one with ratio)

76
Q

Building Blocks of lipids

A

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

77
Q

A __________ __________ consists of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule.

A

triglyceride molecule

78
Q

This triglyceride has ____ saturated fatty acids and ____ unsaturated

A

two, one

79
Q
  1. Major part of the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer)
  2. Long-term energy storage
  3. Insulation (whale blubber)
  4. Cushioning (lipid layer – brain)
A

Functions of lipids

80
Q

Enzymes are _____

A

proteins

81
Q

Enzymes are essential for life because most of the _______ ________ in living cells would occur too slowly, or would lead to different products, without enzymes!

A

chemical reactions

82
Q

The name of an enzyme usually ends in

A

-ase

83
Q

Most coenzymes are…

A

vitamins

84
Q

Enzymes are large complex protein molecules made of _______ ________

A

amino acids

85
Q

long chain which is folded to produce unique 3D structure

A

Protein

86
Q

Chemical reactions require ______ enzymes

A

specific

87
Q

sucrase

Sucrose –>

A

glucose + fructose

88
Q

Enzymes are (_______) ________ the principal regulators of most chemical activity in living systems

A

(biological) catalysts

89
Q

A catalyst is a chemical involved in, but not changed by…

A

a chemical reaction

90
Q

Catalysts… _______________________ …control rate of activity!

A

…speed up or slow down a reaction…

91
Q

Enzymes modify the reaction without _____ _____ ____

A

being used up

92
Q

The area on the enzyme where the reaction occurs

A

the active site

93
Q

area of enzyme that touches the substrate

A

Active site

94
Q
  1. pH
  2. Temperature
  3. Concentration of enzymes
  4. Concentration of substrate
A

Factors influencing enzyme action

95
Q

Each enzyme has an _______ ______ at which it functions efficiently.

A

optimum pH

96
Q

Each enzyme has an optimum _______ at which it functions efficiently.

A

temperature

97
Q

In general as temperature increases, the rate of enzyme action ______

A

increases

98
Q

At relatively ______ _______ however, the shape of the enzyme molecule tends to be altered, thus the enzyme _______

A

high temperatures, denatures

99
Q

distortion of an enzyme molecule at high temperatures

A

Enzyme denaturation

100
Q

The temperature at which an enzyme is efficient is the _______ _______

A

optimum temperature

101
Q

ENZYMES ARE SPECIFIC

A

one enzyme - one substrate

Biology (6 decks)

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