MP Exam

Question 1

Different boards

Answer 1

Family Advocacy Committee (FAC)

Case Review Committee (CRC)

Fatality Review Committee (FRC)

Sexual Assault Review Board (SARB)

Armed Forces Disciplinary Control Board (AFDCB)

Question 2

POLICE Acronym

Answer 2

Police and Prisons
Organized Crime Elements
Legal Organization
Investigations
Crime Conducive Conditions
Enforcement Mechanisms

Question 3

Triad

Answer 3

Corrections/Judicial/Law Enforcement

Question 4

Three types of assistance

Answer 4

Augmenting / Partnering / Advising

Question 4

PMO Duties

Answer 4

Provide CDR with professional and technical policing advice
Plans the use of military police assets
Evaluates current police operations
Project future police operations
Manage police resource requirements
Conducting threat analyses for U.S. bases and base camps
Develop plans to prevent acts of espionage, sabotage, and terrorism
Conduct MP investigations IAW AR 190-30 and AR 195-2
Implement random antiterrorism measures
Control base access and egress points
Serve as the on-scene commander during police related incidents

Question 5

Policing sections under the PMO

Answer 5

MPI
Traffic
CID
MP Patrols & MPDO
Civilian Police Liaison
SRT
Game Warden
MWD
Force Protection
Desk
Customs
PM

Question 6

Size and structure of DES depends on

Answer 6

installation, mission, capabilities

Question 7

What are the two reasons a person can be held in temporary confinement?

Answer 7

Awaiting movement or as witness to a courtmartial

Question 8

Patrol Methods

Answer 8

Static (fixed)
Dismounted (foot)
Mounted (vehicle)
Bicycle
MWD
Watercraft
Other specialized patrols

Question 9

Patrol Distribution

Answer 9

Random
Directed
Split-force
Saturation
Differential-response

Question 10

Random Patrols

Answer 10

Random is conducted by moving randomly throughout the AO
This strategy is typically considered reactive in nature.
This type of patrolling can give the community a perception that the police are omnipresent, always showing up without warning or predictability.

Question 11

Directed Patrols

Answer 11

Directed patrols are given specific tasks and instructions
Directed patrolling is considered a proactive strategy.
Directed patrols can be especially useful when employing inexperienced military police Soldiers.

Question 12

Split Force Patrols

Answer 12

Split-force patrolling involves identifying one portion of the patrol force to perform routine patrols.
This strategy allows reactive and proactive measures simultaneously.
Ensure that personnel rotate between directed- and routine-patrol missions to prevent patrol burnout.

Question 13

Saturation Patrols

Answer 13

Used within the split-force construct.
This strategy places a higher number of patrols into AOs.
Saturation patrols are placed in an area during peak criminal or disruptive activity.
These patrols will perform increased vehicle and pedestrian stops and conduct more field interviews than normal.

Question 14

Differential Response

Answer 14

Focuses on maximizing the use of LE patrol assets
This technique is regularly employed when LE patrol resources are inadequate due to—
-Unavailable personnel or resources
-Environmental conditions
-An incident that creates a large number of high-priority calls

Question 15

3 MP Disciplines

Answer 15

Support to Mobility and Security, Detention Operations, Police Operations

Question 16

Policing Principals

Answer 16

Prevention
Public Support
Restraint
Legitimacy
Transparency
Assessment

Question 17

Technical vs. Tactical Site Exploitation

Answer 17

Tactical Site Exploitation: a series of methodical actions taken to ensure that materiel at the site is detected, collected, and processed. The materiel is used to answer information requirements and facilitate future operations. Presumptive analyses of materiel are conducted if trained Soldiers and the appropriate equipment are available.

Technical Exploitation: is the use of advanced processing techniques and the detailed analysis of information and materiel by technical and scientific enablers in a laboratory environment. Tactical site exploitation and technical exploitation use forensic-based procedures to ensure identification and collection tasks support the analysis and dissemination tasks.

Question 18

Sensitive Site Exploitation

Answer 18

Site exploitation is the synchronized and integrated application of scientific and technological capabilities and enablers to answer information requirements, facilitate subsequent operations, and support host-nation rule of law.

Question 19

Types of Investigation

Answer 19

Criminal
Collision
Preliminary
Follow-up

Question 20

Types of Interviews

Answer 20

Canvass
Victim
Witness
Suspect

Question 21

Stages of Interrogations

Answer 21

Preparation
Opening
Body
Closing

Question 22

Stages of Interrogations

Answer 22

Preparation
Opening
Body
Closing

Question 23

What to do when detaining juviniles

Answer 23

Immediately advise them of their rights
Notify
MP Desk/MPI/CID
Parents or guardian
SJA
FAP (for problematic sexual behavior)

Question 24

What to do when detaining juveniles

Answer 24

Immediately advise them of their rights
Notify
MP Desk/MPI/CID
Parents or guardian
SJA
FAP (for problematic sexual behavior)

Question 25

Juvenile protections

Answer 25

Unless a juvenile who is taken into custody is prosecuted as an adult neither the name nor picture of any juvenile shall be made public in connection with a juvenile delinquency proceeding.
Must be kept from operational activities and public view
May be allowed custody and care in a halfway house or foster home
Do not fingerprint, photograph, or collect DNA without SJA coordination

Question 26

Juvenile records release

Answer 26

Records must be secured and only released on a need-to-know basis
May be released to:
Courts or agencies preparing pre-sentence reports
Other police agencies during the investigation of a crime
Treatment facilities
Agency considering subject for position involving law enforcement or national security
AR 190-45, Law Enforcement Reporting governs storage of juvenile records

Question 27

Inspections

Answer 27

Conducted in a reasonable fashion
May use any reasonable natural or technological aid (e.g., drug dogs)
May be conducted with or without notice
A proper purpose is to locate & confiscate unlawful weapons & other contraband
However, the primary purpose must NOT be to obtain evidence for prosecution
An inspection cannot be a subterfuge for a search

Question 28

Search and Seizure summary

Answer 28

If there is government intrusion into a person’s reasonable expectation of privacy,
Then general rule is a search authorization (warrant) based on probable cause is required
Talk to your JAG if:
you are physically going to touch/intrude on someone’s person, home, paper, or effect (car, computer, bag, phone, etc.) for the purpose of gathering information,
you need a warrant based on PC or believe an exception (exigent/auto/PV) applies

Question 29

Exclusionary rule

Answer 29

Evidence obtained as a result of an unlawful search or seizure made by a person acting in a governmental capacity may be inadmissible
Includes derivative evidence!
“Fruit of the poisonous tree” doctrine
Purpose
Deter police misconduct by creating negative consequences for disregarding the 4th Amendment’s requirements
Avoid constitutional violations

Question 30

Exceptions to Exclusionary Rule

Answer 30

Independent source – evidence was not obtained as a result of an unlawful search or seizure
Inevitable discovery – evidence would have been obtained even if the unlawful search & seizure had not been made
Good faith – evidence was obtained by officials who reasonably and with good faith (objective standard) relied on the authorization

Question 31

Types of Jurisdiction

Answer 31

Personal jurisdiction = jurisdiction over the person
Subject-matter jurisdiction = jurisdiction over the offense or crime
Territorial jurisdiction = jurisdiction over cases involving persons residing or present in a certain territory

Question 32

Posse Comitatus

Answer 32

General rule: federal military forces can’t be used as a “posse” to “execute the laws” off-post in US
The PCA applies to:
Active duty military personnel (except Coast Guard)
Reservists on AD, ADT, & IDT
National Guard personnel in Title 10 status
DOD civilians under C&C of AD military officer
The PCA does NOT apply to:
Military personnel off duty & acting in a private capacity (“citizen arrest”)
Reservists not on AD, ADT, & IDT
National Guard personnel in state/Title 32 status
Coast Guard personnel

Question 33

Valid military purposes off base not covered by Posse Comitatus

Answer 33

Off-post LEA “initiated by us for us” OK under PCA
Independent military purpose military interest
Protection of classified military information/equipment
Protection of DOD personnel, equipment, & official DOD guests
Traffic control points off-post for military convoys
Hot pursuit off the installation
Criminal investigations into Service members off-post or DOD civilians that could result in adverse administrative action
Investigations into criminal activity affecting good order and discipline on the installation (i.e. prostitution)

Question 34

Police in contemporary America

Answer 34

Police reform efforts in the United States began with individual municipal commissions.
Continued on a national level with President Hoover’s Wickersham Commission in 1929.
Most serious police reform came from within individual departments.
Some police policy was driven instead by American jurisprudence.
Warren Courts system.
Right to counsel if your freedom is taken at any time.

Question 35

Wickersham Commission

Answer 35

The Commission focused its investigations almost entirely on the widespread violations of national alcohol prohibition to study and recommend changes to the Eighteenth Amendment and to observe police practices in the states. They observed police interrogation tactics and reported that “the inflicting of pain, physical or mental, to extract confessions or statements… is widespread throughout the country.” They released a second report in 1931 that supported Prohibition but found contempt among average Americans and unworkable enforcement across the states, corruption in police ranks, local politics and problems in every community that attempted to enforce prohibition laws.
It documented the widespread evasion of Prohibition and its negative effects on American society and recommended much more aggressive and extensive law enforcement to enforce compliance with anti-alcohol laws. The report castigated the police for their “general failure… to detect and arrest criminals guilty of the many murders, spectacular bank, payroll and other holdups and sensational robberies with guns.”

Question 36

Warren Courts

Answer 36

The Warren Court expanded civil rights, civil liberties, judicial power, and the federal power in dramatic ways. It has been widely recognized that the court, led by the liberal bloc, has created a major “Constitutional Revolution” in the history of United States.

The Warren Court brought “one man, one vote” to the United States through a series of rulings, and created the Miranda warning. In addition, the court was both applauded and criticized for bringing an end to de jure racial segregation in the United States, incorporating the Bill of Rights (i.e. including it in the 14th Amendment Due Process clause), and ending officially sanctioned voluntary prayer in public schools.

Question 37

Mapp Vs Ohio

Answer 37

A case about an Ohio Anti-Obscenity Statute, in its origin

Would eventually overturn Wolf v. Colorado

4th Amendment doctrine applied to the states – Exclusionary rule the only guarantee against government violations

Question 38

Gideon Vs Wainwright

Answer 38

Right to legal counsel – A sixth amendment guarantee.
Another distinction between Federal and State courts
Is all counsel equal, and does this matter?
Ultimately, Gideon v. Wainwright overturns an earlier court decision in Betts v Brady, where counsel is only afforded/appointed by the government in Federal felony cases. But this does nothing to address the effectiveness of the representing counsel.
Reversal of the “Harmless Error”
Criticized for burdening a suspect with making the “effectiveness” argument

Question 39

Miranda Vs Arizona

Answer 39

14th Amendment – the first 100 years
A question of self-incrimination, and a safeguard against routinely aggressive police interrogations
Overturning the test of voluntariness
Disagreements over the solution, not the problem
Required a 4-part warning to protect against 5th Amendment abuses
Widely criticized for potentially “handcuffing” police, and indicative of justices “legislating from the bench.”

Question 40

Katz vs US

Answer 40

Arguably the most important 4th Amendment case decided.
While Mapp determined the exclusionary rule, Katz determined reasonable expectation of privacy.
4th Amendment protects people, not places.
Criticized for the difficulty in reconciling “intrusiveness” of new technology and one’s reasonable expectation of privacy
“the 4th amendment protects people, not places.”

Question 41

Terry Vs Ohio

Answer 41

…Another 4th Amendment question
(As it turns out…humans in general don’t like being “searched” or “seized” without a very good reason)
Is it always unreasonable for police to seize a person and subject them to a limited search…for weapons…without articulable, probable cause for an arrest?
Court decided that it was not.
Criticized for a) opening the door wide open for what constitutes a Police Officer’s suspicion b) leading the way for the controversial NYPD police of S.Q.F.
The court decided that police CAN make temporary stops when yet still short of the probable cause for an arrest. Justice Harlan further clarified however, that in order to make the stop and frisk, the officer must establish the reasonableness of the forcible stop, which puts the suspect in their immediate proximity to begin with. Harlan goes on, describing that stopping a suspect when there is reasonable suspicion that a crime of violence is afoot, is in and of itself an immediate and automatic reason to stop and frisk.

Question 42

Crime Theories

Answer 42

Routine Activity Theory
Situational Crime Prevention Theory
General Theory of Crime
Social Disorganization Theory
Crime Pattern Theory
Broken Windows Theory

Question 43

Social Disorganization Theory

Answer 43

A theory that has evolved over the last century, originating from the Chicago School of Sociologists (U of Chicago)
Communities of people tend to form consensus for the common good, establishing norms and rules for behavior in public.
When people focus inwardly, lessening the influence of community responsibility, offending increases.

Question 44

Crime Pattern Theory

Answer 44

Combines Rational Choice Theory and Routine Activities – Crime is the result of interaction between an offender and their environment
Nodes
Paths
Edges
C.P.T focuses on how the offender seeks and finds opportunities to commit crimes – Specifically that Offenders will focus on areas within nodes or paths that they routinely travel or occupy that lack suitable management or guardianship. Crimes occur when targets intersect with these identified areas that lack guardianship and is observed by an offender.

Question 45

Rational Choice Theory

Answer 45

Criminals are ultimately rational and can consider the consequences of their behavior prior to making a decision
They conduct a cost/benefit analysis of gains and losses prior to committing a crime
Wright and Decker’s 18 month study of street burglary in St. Louis, MO changed the perspective on rational choice theory
People’s (not just criminals) ability to consistently make rational choices is affected by emotions and culture

Question 46

Policing vs. Law Enforcement

Answer 46

Policing is focused on maintaining order, safety, and security without an intent to enforce laws on the population and compel compliance at the risk of legal penalties.

Law Enforcement is conducted for the purpose of enforcing laws, investigating crimes, and apprehending (when warranted) persons for adjudication within the appropriate judicial system.

Question 47

Policing Models

Answer 47

Community Oriented Policing
Computer Statistics
Problem Oriented Policing
Intelligence Led Policing
Predictive Policing
Hot Spot Policing

Question 48

Statistics Modeling Model

Answer 48

First implemented by NYPD Police Commissioner William Bratton in 1994 (in conjunction with his support for Broken Windows-based community policing)
Framed around 4 criterion
Accurate, timely information/intelligence
Effective tactics to counter problems/targets
Focusing personnel and resources on problems
Follow-up and assessment
Specific objectives and goals are essential to effective statistical modeling

Question 49

Problem Oriented Policing

Answer 49

Proposed by Herman Goldstein in 1979…based on analysis of collected police information…like most other police models.
Popularized the SARA model
- Scanning
- Analysis
- Response
- Assessment

Question 50

Intelligence Lead Policing

Answer 50

Originated as a way to mitigate shrinking resources for police in Great Britain.
Relies on effective information management and analysis. Information from police patrols must move quickly through analysis, and provide a basis for action.
Information sharing must be agile vertically, up and down chains of command, AND laterally, between law enforcement organizations.

Question 51

Predictive Policing

Answer 51

Shares concepts from both intelligence-led and statistics model policing.
Application of advanced analytics to crime data and different intervention methods.
Uses technically specific computer modeling.
Not exactly a stand-alone policing model, more often used to enhance other traditional policing models

Question 52

Types of MP Companies

Answer 52

Military Police Company

Corrections / Detention MP Company

Guard MP Company (ARNG Only)

Law Enforcement Detachment