Movment, Levers And Planes. Flashcards
Horizontal Flexion/adduction…….
Horizontal extension and abduction.
Dorsi Flexion
Plantar Flexion.
Medial rotation and……
Lateral rotation.
What movement doesn’t have a pair?
Circumduction.
What is the atomical position?
Body straight with palms facing forwards.
What joints allow Flexion and extention?
Hinge, ball and socket and condyloid.
What joints allow adduction and abduction?
Ball and socket and condyloid.
What joints allow Dorsi and plantar Flexion?
Hinge
What joints allow medial and lateral rotation?
Ball and socket
Hinge
What joint allows horizontal Flexion and extention?
Ball and socket.
What joints allow circumduction?
Ball and socket
Condyloid.
What axis goes with a Sagittal plane?
Transverse.
What does the Sagittal plane do?
Separates left and right.
Where do the transverse axis run across?
They run sideways across the body.
Across the shoulders,waist and knees.
What to remember about movement and planes?
The movement has to run along the plane line.
What axis goes with the transverse plane?
The longitudinal axis.
What does the transverse plane do?
Separates up and down.
What movement does the Sagittal plane allow?
Flexion and extention.
Where does the longitudinal axis run?
One line down the centre of the body.
Downwards.
What movement does the transverse axis allow?
Horizontal adduction and adduction.
Lateral and medial rotation.
What axis goes with the frontal plane?
The frontal axis.
What does the frontal plane do?
Separates front and back.
What does the frontal axis look like?
One line through the middle do the body (at the hips)
What movement does the frontal plane allow?
Adduction and abduction.
What are the two types of isotonic contractions?
Eccentric and concentric
What’s an eccentric contraction?
Muscle becomes longer.
What’s a concentric contractions?
Muscle becomes shorter.
What is an isometric contraction?
Without movement.
It’s static.
No change in muscle length.
What are the hip flexes?
Cause Flexion at the hips.
What’s the agonist?
Produces movement.
Muscle that contacts.
What’s the antagonist?
The muscle that relaxes.
What is the main agonist?
A type of muscle.
Example of a isometric contraction?
The plank or deep hold of a squat.
Example of an eccentric movement?
Lowering of a push up- elbow.
Example of a concentric contraction?
Standing up in a squat- hip.
What is a lever?
Rigid bar floating around a fixed point.
What are the parts of a lever?
Effort (E), Fulcrum (F) and Load (L) / Resistance (R)
What parts of the body make up the lever system?
Rigid bar- bone
Fulcrum- joint
Effort- muscle
Resistance- what your carrying.
What are the two functions of a lever system?
- Increase the resistance that a given effort can move.
2. Increase the speed at which a body moves.
Describe a first class lever system.
R F E
Fulcrum lies between the effort and the resistance
Example of a first class lever system?
Elbow (tricep)
Advantage of the 1st class lever system?
Increase the effects of the effort and speed of the body.
Describe a second class lever system.
F R E
Resistance lies between the fulcrum and effort.
Example of a second class lever system?
Ankle.
What’s the advantage of a second class lever system?
Increase the effect of the effort force.
Describe a third class lever system.
F E R
Effort lies between the resistance and the fulcrum.
Example of a third class lever system?
Forearm Flexion.
Advantage of a third class lever system?
Increases the speed of the body.
What does mechanical advantage mean?
If the mechanical advantage is less that 1- increase the speed of movement.
If the mechanical advantage is more than 1- increase in effect of force.
What does MA mean?
Relative efficiency of the lever system.
What’s the MA sum?
MA= Effort arm divided by Resistance arm.
What is the effort arm?
The distance between the fulcrum and the effort.
What is the resistance arm?
The distance between the fulcrum and the resistance.
Longer the effort arm………
The less effort required to move a given resistance.
How to remember the lever systems?
FRE
(what’s in the middle of the system)
F- fulcrum
R- resistance
E- effort
Adduction and……
Abduction
