Movements of the Body Flashcards
The anatomical position of the body is one where we stand and the anterior surface (face side) of the body is seen. The palms of the hands are facing forward. Therefore the anterior surface of the hands are also in view. The fifth digit of the hand (little finger) is next to the leg.
Anterior or Ventral
-toward or nearer to the front of the body
Posterior or Dorsal
-toward or nearer to the back of the body.
-The back of the hand is the dorsal** or **posterior surface
-The palm of the hand is the palmar**, **ventral, volar or anterior surface
The top of the foot is referred to as the dorsal** or **posterior surface
The bottom of the foot is the anterior** or **ventral or plantar surface
Supine
-lying on the back resulting in the anterior surface of the body in view
Prone
-lying on the stomach resulting in the posterior surface of the body in view
Proximal
-Nearer the point of attachment, the closest to the center of the body. This is the only term that should be used for the extremities
Distal
-Farther from the center of the body. This is the only term that should be used for the extremities
Medial
-Pertaining to the middle, midline, inside
Lateral
-Pertaining to the outside
Inferior
-below or lower than another structure, toward the soles of the feet. This term is used in reference to the trunk area of the body
Superior
-refers to the structure being closer to the head or above or higher than another structure. This term is used in reference to the trunk area of the body
Elevation
-upward/superior movement of the clavicle and scapula or the pelvis
Depression
-downward/inferior movement of the clavicle and scapula or the pelvis
Elevation
-upward/superior movement of the pelvis
Depression
-downward/inferior movement of the pelvis
Protraction
-anterior movement of the clavicle and lateral movement of the scapula or the pelvis
Retraction
-posterior movement of the clavicle and medial movement of the scapula or the pelvis
Upward Rotation
Rotation of the glenoid cavity in an upward/superior direction (superior movement of the clavicle and lateral movement of the scapula).
Downward Rotation
Rotation of the glenoid cavity in a downward/inferior direction (downward movement of the clavicle and medial movement of the scapula).
Flexion
To bend, to make the angle of the joint smaller, forward bending so that the anterior surfaces come closer to each other.
Extension
To straighten, bringing the posterior surfaces closer to each other.
Abduction
Away from the midline.
Adduction
Toward the midline.
Horizontal Abduction
Starting in flexion, a horizontal movement in a posterior direction (shoulder, hip).
Horizontal Adduction
Starting in flexion, a horizontal movement in an anterior direction (shoulder, hip).
Internal Rotation or Medial Rotation
Rotation of a limb, moving the anterior surface toward the midline.
External Rotation or Lateral Rotation
Rotation of a limb, moving the anterior surface away from the midline.
Circumduction
Is a term often used when describing joint actions. However it is not an action but a combination of actions - includes adduction, extension, abduction and flexion and resembles a circle.
Supination
Rotatory movement of the forearm so that the palm faces upward or anteriorly.
Pronation
Rotatory movement of the forearm so that the palm faces downward or posteriorly.
Radial Deviation
Moving toward the radius, also referred to as abduction of the wrist.
Ulnar Deviation
Moving toward the ulna, also referred to as adduction of the wrist. Clinically, the terms radial and ulnar deviation are used over abduction/adduction of the wrist.
Palmar Abduction or CMC Abduction
Term used to describe abduction of the thumb, moving it away from the index finger, away from the palm.
Radial Abduction or CMC Extension
Term used to describe extension of the thumb, moving it away from the index finger, moving in a radial direction.
Opposition
Movement of the thumb to the pad of the fingers
Reposition
Opposite of opposition - the return to anatomical position
Lateral Flexion
Bending of the neck or vertebral column (trunk) to the side.
Anterior Tilt
Superior portion of the pelvis moves anteriorly
Posterior Tilt
Superior portion of the pelvis moves posteriorly.
Plantarflexion
Ankle joint moves downward/inferiorly.
Dorsiflexion
Ankle moves upward/superiorly.
Inversion
Sole turns inward or medially.
Eversion
Sole of the foot turns outward or laterally.
Neck Joint - Flexion
Neck Joint - Extension
Neck Joint - Rotation to the left and right
Neck Joint - Circumduction
Spinal Column - Flexion
Spinal Column - Extension
Spinal Column - Lateral Flexion to the right and to the left.
Spinal Column - Lateral Rotation to the right and to the left
Shoulder Girdle - Elevation
Shoulder Girdle - Depression
Shoulder Girdle - Protraction (Scapular Abduction)
Shoulder Girdle - Retraction (Scapular Adduction)
Shoulder Girdle - Upward Rotation
Shoulder Girdle - Downward Rotation
Shoulder Flexion
Shoulder Extension
Shoulder Abduction
Shoulder Adduction
Shoulder External Rotation
Shoulder Internal Rotation
Shoulder Horizontal Abduction
Shoulder Horizontal Adduction
Shoulder Circumduction
Elbow Flexion
Elbow Extension
Forearm Pronation
Forearm Supination
Wrist Flexion
Wrist Extension
Wrist Ulnar Deviation
Wrist Radial Deviation
Wrist Circumduction
Pelvic Girdle Anterior Tilt
Pelvic Girdle Posterior Tilt
Hip Flexion
Hip Extension
Pelvic Girdle Elevation
Pelvic Girdle Depression
Hip Abduction
Hip Adduction
Hip Internal Rotation
Hip External Rotation
Hip Circumduction
Knee Flexion
Knee Extension
Ankle Dorsiflexion
Ankle Planter Flexion
Ankle Inversion
Ankle Eversion
Ankle Circumduction
Sagittal Plane
- A vertical plane that passes through the body from front to back that divides the body into a right and left portion.
- Movements that are anterior to posterior or flexion and extension, thumb adduction and abduction and dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.
Frontal Plane
- A vertical plane which passes through the body from side to side dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
- Movements that correspond are adduction and abduction, lateral flexion to the right and left side, radial deviation and ulnar deviation and inversion and eversion.
Horizontal (Transverse) Plane
- Passes the body through a line parallel to the floor and divides the body into a superior and inferior portion.
- Movements that correspond inernal/external rotation, horizontal adduction/abduction, rotation to the left and right, and supination and pronation.
