movements

Question 1

occiput-atlas x-axis rotation range?

Answer 1

14-35 degrees

Question 2

occiput-atlas y-axis rotation range?

Answer 2

axial- 4-8 degrees each side

Question 3

occiput-atlas z-axis rotation range?

Answer 3

cadavers- 4-11 degrees

Question 4

atlas-axis x-axis rotation range?

Answer 4

biconvexity combined= 20 degrees

Question 5

C1-C2 y axis rotation range?

Answer 5

43 +/- 5 degrees; lots of Y rotation at C2

Question 6

where does over 50% of the rotation of the neck happen?

Answer 6

C1-C2 y-axis rotation

Question 7

what structure is displaced with y-axis rotation?

Answer 7

intraarticular meniscoids

Question 8

what is the range of C1-C2 z-axis lat bend?

Answer 8

limited to 5 degrees- alar ligaments

Question 9

what is couple with C1-C2 y-axis rotation?

Answer 9

y-translation

Question 10

what is the C1-C2 z translation?

Answer 10

very little; C1 ring around dens

Question 11

what is the C1-C2 x translation?

Answer 11

CONTROVERSIAL; only apparent; Panjabi/White

Question 12

what are the coupled motions involved with C1-C2? (not natural)

Answer 12

axial- longitudinal

lateral- sagittal

Question 13

+x rot. coupled with?

Answer 13

+ z translation

Question 14

• x rot. coupled with?

Answer 14

• z translation

Question 15

+ z rot. is coupled with?

Answer 15

• y rot.

Question 16

• z rot. is coupled with?

Answer 16

+ y rot.

Question 17

where are the steepest cervical arches?

Answer 17

C6-7

Question 18

more translation in cervicals takes place where?

Answer 18

upper cervicals

Question 19

uncinate processes guide what coupled motion?

Answer 19

lateral flexion with axial rotation

Question 20

with compressive load, which structure is first to fail?

Answer 20

vertebral end plate

Question 21

what is the degree of y-axis rotation of the thoracic spine?

Answer 21

20 degrees

Question 22

what is the thoracic facet orientation from the horizontal plane?

Answer 22

60 degrees

Question 23

primary movement of thoracics?

Answer 23

lat bending coupled with axial rotation

Question 24

thoracic flex/ext is combined with?

Answer 24

+/- z translation

Question 25

what increases y axis stability in the thoracics?

Answer 25

rib cage

Question 26

L1-L4 facets limit?

Answer 26

axial/y axis rotation

Question 27

L5-S1 facets limit?

Answer 27

z translation

Question 28

axial rotation in lumbar is limited due to?

Answer 28

sagittal facet orientation