Movement System

Question 0

What carries motor information from the brain to the muscles?

Answer 0

The efferent pathway.

Question 1

Afferent pathways carry what?

Answer 1

Sensory information to the brain.

Question 2

What is a potential difference?

Answer 2

The imbalance of ions inside and outside the neuron.

Question 3

What polarity is the resting potential?

Answer 3

Negative.

Question 4

The Central Nervous System contains what?

Answer 4

Upper motor neurons, aka the brain and spinal chord.

Question 5

This nervous system carries lower motor neurons and the afferent/efferent pathways to the body.

Answer 5

The Peripheral Nervous system.

Question 6

Sensory nerves carry ______ to ______ via the ________ pathway.

Answer 6

sensory impulses to the CNS via afferent pathway.

Question 7

What do the motor nerves conduct? Through what pathway?

Answer 7

Carry motor functions from the CNS to the body via the efferent pathway.

Question 8

Why are type A neurons faster than type C neurons?

Answer 8

Type A neurons have a larger diameter and they are myelinated, while type C neurons are unmyelinated and smaller in diameter.

Question 9

What do Alpha Motor Neurons innervate?

Answer 9

Extrafusal muscles. They are in the muscle and make the muscle contract.

Question 10

What innervates intrafusal muscle fibers?

Answer 10

Gamma Motor Neurons.

Question 11

Which has more myelination white matter or grey matter?

Answer 11

White Matter has more myelination

Question 12

Where is the decision to what type of stimuli has been applied to the body happen? ( who decides if its noxious or not at the spinal chord level)

Answer 12

Grey Matter.

Question 13

Explain Type one fibers.

Answer 13

Type one fibers are considered postural muscles because they are built to hold a position over a long period of time (endurance). They are considered Slow Twitch Fibers and use oxygen for energy.

Question 14

What fiber is a Fast Twitch Fiber and is used for strength in rapid movements?

Answer 14

Type 2 fibers.

Question 15

What is a motor unit?

Answer 15

It is a neuron and all the fibers it goes to. It has an all or nothing contraction which states if one fiber is going to contract, all the fibers linked are going to contract.

Question 16

What responds to tension and where is it located?

Answer 16

Golgi tendon organs which are located in the muscle/ joint junction.

Question 17

What responds to stretch in muscle fibers, is parallel to the muscle fibers, and responds to such stretch?

Answer 17

Muscle Spindles.

Question 18

Gamma Motor Neurons are responsible for maintaining muscle tone, what is an example of how they work?

Answer 18

They help the back extensors keep our posture against gravity. They innervate intrafusal fibers.

Question 19

What is kinesthesia?

Answer 19

awareness of where a joint is at in space.

Question 20

________ is when we know where we are in a static position in space.

Answer 20

Position Sense.

Question 21

True or False. Proprioception is the use of motor input to understand where the joints are in space at rest.

Answer 21

False. The body uses SENSORY input to understand where the body is in space.

Question 22

What is the brainstem responsible for?

Answer 22

Automatic postural control and maintaining balance. (upper motor neuron) actions are involuntary.

Question 23

This part of the upper motor neuron is responsible for patterns/coordination of motor activities and balance.

Answer 23

Cerebellum. and actions are involuntary.

Question 24

The __________ assists in automatic and voluntary movements.

Answer 24

Basal Ganglia.

Question 25

An example of hypertonicity is a ______.

Answer 25

muscle spasm.

Question 26

Hypotonicity has

Answer 26

Diminished muscle tone caused by a CNS injury.