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Movement Science > Movement Science Exam 2 > Flashcards

Movement Science Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What joints contribute to the shoulder complex?

A

AC - Acromioclavicular joint
SC - Sternoclavicular joint
GH - Glenohumeral joint
ST - Scapulothoracic joint

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2
Q

What bones contribute to the shoulder complex?

A

-Scapula
-Clavicle
-Humerus
-Sternum

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3
Q

Where does the scapula sit in resting position?

A

-Superior angle at T2
-Root at T3
-Inferior angle at T8
-Medial border rests 5-6cm from midline
-Sits approx 35 degrees anterior to the frontal plane

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4
Q

What nerves innervate the GH joint capsule?

A

C5-C6

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5
Q

What ligaments are involved with the GH joint?

A

-Coracohumeral
-Glenohumeral (3 divisions)
–Superior
–Middle
–inferior

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6
Q

The coracohumeral ligament limits what motions?

A

-External rotation and inferior translation
-Flexion and extension

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7
Q

The superior glenohumeral ligament limits what motions?

A

-Inferior translation
-External rotation at neutral position

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8
Q

The middle glenohumeral ligament limits what motions?

A

-External rotation at 0 and 45 degrees of abduction

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9
Q

The inferior glenohumeral ligament limits what motions?

A

-External rotation at 90 degrees of abduction
-Internal rotation at 90 degrees of abduction

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10
Q

What band of the glenohumeral ligament is the thickest?

A

The inferior band

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11
Q

What bursae are associated with the GH joint?

A

-Subscapular bursa
-Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa

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12
Q

What classifications are involved with the GH joint?

A

-Diarthrosis
-Ball and Socket
-Triaxial
–3 degrees of freedom
—-Infinite planes of movements

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13
Q

A dislocation most commonly occurs how at the GH joint?

A

-Anteroinferiorly

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14
Q

What are some predisposing factors for GH joint dislocations?

A

-Loose capsule
-Small glenoid fossa
-No inferior musculature
-Labrum not providing sufficient enough lip

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15
Q

What injuries are associated with anterior dislocation of the GH joint?

A

-Bankart lesion
–tear capsule and labrum
-Hill-Sac’s lesion
–fracture portion of the humeral head
-SLAP lesion
-

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16
Q

What types of stability does the GH joint have?

A

-Muscular
–Rotator cuff and deltoid
-Bony
-Ligamentous
-Cohesion
–Articular cartilage bein bathed in synovial fluid
-Intraarticular pressure (closed capsule)

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17
Q

What classifications are involved with the SC joint?

A

-Diarthrosis
-Saddle joint
-Biaxial (potentially triaxial)
-2 degrees of freedom (potentially 3)

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18
Q

What ligaments are associated with the SC joint?

A

-Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular
-Interclavicular
-Costoclavicular

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19
Q

What are the functions of the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments?

A

-Reinforce the capsule
-Prevent upward and lateral clavicle displacement

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20
Q

What is the function of the interclavicular ligament?

A

-Checks excessive upward glide of clavicle during depression

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21
Q

What is the function of the costoclavicular ligament?

A

-Site of fulcrum for elevation / depression and protraction / retraction

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22
Q

True or False: The SC joint has an articular cartilage disc?

A

True!
The disc helps to resist any force to dislocate the clavicle medially

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23
Q

What classifications are involved with the AC joint?

A

-Diarthrosis

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24
Q

What ligaments are associated with the AC joint?

A

-Coracoclavicular
–Trapezoid
–Conoid

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25
What are the functions of the coracoclavicular ligaments?
-Prevent superior dislocation of clavicle -Transmit forces from scapula to clavicle -Produce and limit longitudinal rotation of the clavicle
26
What are some injuries associated with the AC joint?
-"Step-off" deformity --Scap drifts down away from clavicle, so lateral end of clavicle appears elevated
27
Is the ST a true joint?
No, it is not a true physiologic joint. It is technically an extrinsic muscle of the shoulder
28
What are the scapula upward rotators (muscles)?
-Upper and lower traps -Serratus anterior
29
What are the scapula downward rotators (muscles)?
-Rhomboid major and minor -Pec minor -Levator scapulae
30
What are the scapula retractors (muscles)?
-Rhomboid major and minor -Middle and lower trap
31
What are the scapula protractors (muscles)?
-Pec minor -Serratus anterior
32
What are the shoulder flexors (muscles)?
-Coracobrachialis -Anterior deltoid -Pec major (clavicular head) -Short head of the biceps
33
What are the shoulder extensors (muscles)?
-Latissimus dorsi -Teres major -Posterior deltoid -Long head of triceps
34
What are the shoulder adductors (muscles)?
-Teres Major -Latissimus Dorsi -Pec Major (sternal head) -Long head of triceps
35
What are the shoulder abductors (muscles)?
-Supraspinatus -Anterior and middle deltoid
36
What are the shoulder internal rotators (muscles)?
-Subscapularis -Latissimus Dorsi -Teres Major -Pec Major -Anterior deltoid
37
What are the shoulder external rotators (muscles)?
-Infraspinatus -Teres Minor -Posterior deltoid
38
What force couple produces 2/3rds of the abduction at the GH joint?
-Deltoid and rotator cuff force couple
39
What force couple produces 1/3rd of the abduction (upward rotation of scapula) at the GH joint?
-Serratus anterior and trapezius force couple
40
What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?
-For each 2 degrees of GH motion, there is one degree of ST motion
41
What occurs during phase I (0-90 degrees) of scapulohumeral rhythm?
-Elevation of the lateral end of the clavicle occurs as scap upwardly rotates -Elevation is limited by costoclavicular taughtness
42
What occurs during phase II (090-180 degrees) of scapulohumeral rhythm?
-Coracoclavicular ligament tightness producing posterior clavicular rotation -Scapular rotation is allowed to continue without further clavicular elevation
43
What is the suprahumeral space?
-Interval between the head of the humerus and the coracoacromial arch
44
What are some signs of altered shoulder mechanics?
-Limited ROM -Pain -Limited Force Production -Decreased Quality of Motion
45
What are the 3 joints that make up the elbow capsule?
-Humeroulnar -Humeroradial -Superior / proximal radioulnar
46
What classifications are involved with the humeroulnar joint?
-Diarthrosis -Uniaxial hinge joint --Modified hinge joint
47
What classifications are involved with the humeroradial joint?
-Diarthrosis -Triaxial ball and socket joint
48
What motions does the humeroradial joint allow?
-Flexion/extension -Pronation/supination
49
What classifications are involved with the proximal radioulnar joint?
-Diarthrosis -Uniaxial pivot joint
50
What motions does the proximal radioulnar joint allow?
-Pronation/supination
51
What type of synovial joint is the elbow joint?
-Compound synovial joint
52
What ligaments are associated with the elbow?
-Humeroulnar -Humeroradial -Proximal radioulnar (The same as the joints!) -Anterior oblique -Annular ligament
53
What are the scapular elevators?
-Levator scapulae -Upper trapezius -Rhomboids (major and minor)
54
What are the scapular depressors?
-Lower trapezius -Latissimus dorsi -Pectoralis minor -Subclavius
55
What are the upward scapular rotators?
-Upper and lower traps -Serratus anterior
56
What are the downward scapular rotators?
-Rhomboids (major and minor) -Levator scapulae -Pectoralis minor
57
What are the scapular retractors?
-Rhomboids (major and minor) -Middle and lower traps
58
What are the scapular protractors?
-Pectoralis minor -Serratus anterior
59
What muscles flex the shoulder?
-Coracobrachialis -Anterior deltoid -Pectoralis major (clavicular) -Biceps (short head)
60
What muscles extend the shoulder?
-Latissimus dorsi -Teres Major -Posterior deltoid -Triceps (long head)
61
What muscles adduct the shoulder?
-Teres Major -Latissimus dorsi -Pectoralis major (sternal head) -Triceps (long head)
62
What muscles abduct the shoulder?
-Supraspinatus -Anterior deltoid -Middle deltoid
63
What muscles internally rotate the shoulder?
-Subscapularis -Latissimus dorsi -Teres major -Pectoralis minor -Anterior deltoid
64
What does an intrinsic positive hand look like?
A dog mouth! -Flexed at MCP -Extended at PIP and DIP joints
65
What does an extrinsic positive hand look like?
An open claw! -Extended at MCP -Flexed at PIP and DIP
66
What is the action of the palmar interossei?
Adductors of the fingers
67
What is the action of the dorsal interossei?
Abductors of the fingers
68
What is stronger in the hand: flexor torque or extensor torque?
Flexor torque -- We do more in the hand that requires flexion
68
What is stronger in the hand: flexor torque or extensor torque?
Flexor torque -- We do more in the hand that requires flexion
69
Extrinsic muscles in the hand are crucial for doing what?
Positioning the fingers, hand, and wrist
70
Intrinsic muscles in the hand are crucial for doing what?
Performing fine motor activities
71
Wrist drop has to do with what nerve?
Radial nerve --Individual cannot actively extend their wrist
72
Claw hand has to do with what nerve?
Ulnar nerve --Individual cannot actively extend IP joints ---Intrinsic minus presentation
73
Ape hand has to do with what nerve?
Median nerve --Individual cannot flex or oppose their thumb across the hand
73
Ape hand has to do with what nerve?
Median nerve --Individual cannot flex or oppose their thumb across the hand
74
What are the requirements for gait?
-Balance HAT while standing in erect posture -Transfer weight of HAT from one LE to the other -Lift one extremity and move it forward -Coordination -Balance -Kinesthetic and proprioceptive senses -Integrity of joints and muscles
75
What tasks are involved in walking?
-Weight acceptance -Single limb support -Swing limb advancement
76
What is the typical walking speed?
-3 mph
77
Cadence is gender-biased to which gender?
Females --Tend to take quicker steps

Movement Science (1 decks)

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