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movement science > Movement Science Exam 2 > Flashcards

Movement Science Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What joints contribute to the shoulder complex?

A

AC - Acromioclavicular joint
SC - Sternoclavicular joint
GH - Glenohumeral joint
ST - Scapulothoracic joint

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2
Q

What bones contribute to the shoulder complex?

A

-Scapula
-Clavicle
-Humerus
-Sternum

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3
Q

Where does the scapula sit in resting position?

A

-Superior angle at T2
-Root at T3
-Inferior angle at T8
-Medial border rests 5-6cm from midline
-Sits approx 35 degrees anterior to the frontal plane

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4
Q

What nerves innervate the GH joint capsule?

A

C5-C6

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5
Q

What ligaments are involved with the GH joint?

A

-Coracohumeral
-Glenohumeral (3 divisions)
–Superior
–Middle
–inferior

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6
Q

The coracohumeral ligament limits what motions?

A

-External rotation and inferior translation
-Flexion and extension

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7
Q

The superior glenohumeral ligament limits what motions?

A

-Inferior translation
-External rotation at neutral position

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8
Q

The middle glenohumeral ligament limits what motions?

A

-External rotation at 0 and 45 degrees of abduction

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9
Q

The inferior glenohumeral ligament limits what motions?

A

-External rotation at 90 degrees of abduction
-Internal rotation at 90 degrees of abduction

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10
Q

What band of the glenohumeral ligament is the thickest?

A

The inferior band

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11
Q

What bursae are associated with the GH joint?

A

-Subscapular bursa
-Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa

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12
Q

What classifications are involved with the GH joint?

A

-Diarthrosis
-Ball and Socket
-Triaxial
–3 degrees of freedom
—-Infinite planes of movements

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13
Q

A dislocation most commonly occurs how at the GH joint?

A

-Anteroinferiorly

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14
Q

What are some predisposing factors for GH joint dislocations?

A

-Loose capsule
-Small glenoid fossa
-No inferior musculature
-Labrum not providing sufficient enough lip

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15
Q

What injuries are associated with anterior dislocation of the GH joint?

A

-Bankart lesion
–tear capsule and labrum
-Hill-Sac’s lesion
–fracture portion of the humeral head
-SLAP lesion
-

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16
Q

What types of stability does the GH joint have?

A

-Muscular
–Rotator cuff and deltoid
-Bony
-Ligamentous
-Cohesion
–Articular cartilage bein bathed in synovial fluid
-Intraarticular pressure (closed capsule)

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17
Q

What classifications are involved with the SC joint?

A

-Diarthrosis
-Saddle joint
-Biaxial (potentially triaxial)
-2 degrees of freedom (potentially 3)

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18
Q

What ligaments are associated with the SC joint?

A

-Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular
-Interclavicular
-Costoclavicular

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19
Q

What are the functions of the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments?

A

-Reinforce the capsule
-Prevent upward and lateral clavicle displacement

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20
Q

What is the function of the interclavicular ligament?

A

-Checks excessive upward glide of clavicle during depression

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21
Q

What is the function of the costoclavicular ligament?

A

-Site of fulcrum for elevation / depression and protraction / retraction

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22
Q

True or False: The SC joint has an articular cartilage disc?

A

True!
The disc helps to resist any force to dislocate the clavicle medially

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23
Q

What classifications are involved with the AC joint?

A

-Diarthrosis

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24
Q

What ligaments are associated with the AC joint?

A

-Coracoclavicular
–Trapezoid
–Conoid

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25
Q

What are the functions of the coracoclavicular ligaments?

A

-Prevent superior dislocation of clavicle
-Transmit forces from scapula to clavicle
-Produce and limit longitudinal rotation of the clavicle

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26
Q

What are some injuries associated with the AC joint?

A

-“Step-off” deformity
–Scap drifts down away from clavicle, so lateral end of clavicle appears elevated

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27
Q

Is the ST a true joint?

A

No, it is not a true physiologic joint. It is technically an extrinsic muscle of the shoulder

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28
Q

What are the scapula upward rotators (muscles)?

A

-Upper and lower traps
-Serratus anterior

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29
Q

What are the scapula downward rotators (muscles)?

A

-Rhomboid major and minor
-Pec minor
-Levator scapulae

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30
Q

What are the scapula retractors (muscles)?

A

-Rhomboid major and minor
-Middle and lower trap

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31
Q

What are the scapula protractors (muscles)?

A

-Pec minor
-Serratus anterior

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32
Q

What are the shoulder flexors (muscles)?

A

-Coracobrachialis
-Anterior deltoid
-Pec major (clavicular head)
-Short head of the biceps

33
Q

What are the shoulder extensors (muscles)?

A

-Latissimus dorsi
-Teres major
-Posterior deltoid
-Long head of triceps

34
Q

What are the shoulder adductors (muscles)?

A

-Teres Major
-Latissimus Dorsi
-Pec Major (sternal head)
-Long head of triceps

35
Q

What are the shoulder abductors (muscles)?

A

-Supraspinatus
-Anterior and middle deltoid

36
Q

What are the shoulder internal rotators (muscles)?

A

-Subscapularis
-Latissimus Dorsi
-Teres Major
-Pec Major
-Anterior deltoid

37
Q

What are the shoulder external rotators (muscles)?

A

-Infraspinatus
-Teres Minor
-Posterior deltoid

38
Q

What force couple produces 2/3rds of the abduction at the GH joint?

A

-Deltoid and rotator cuff force couple

39
Q

What force couple produces 1/3rd of the abduction (upward rotation of scapula) at the GH joint?

A

-Serratus anterior and trapezius force couple

40
Q

What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

-For each 2 degrees of GH motion, there is one degree of ST motion

41
Q

What occurs during phase I (0-90 degrees) of scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

-Elevation of the lateral end of the clavicle occurs as scap upwardly rotates
-Elevation is limited by costoclavicular taughtness

42
Q

What occurs during phase II (090-180 degrees) of scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

-Coracoclavicular ligament tightness producing posterior clavicular rotation
-Scapular rotation is allowed to continue without further clavicular elevation

43
Q

What is the suprahumeral space?

A

-Interval between the head of the humerus and the coracoacromial arch

44
Q

What are some signs of altered shoulder mechanics?

A

-Limited ROM
-Pain
-Limited Force Production
-Decreased Quality of Motion

45
Q

What are the 3 joints that make up the elbow capsule?

A

-Humeroulnar
-Humeroradial
-Superior / proximal radioulnar

46
Q

What classifications are involved with the humeroulnar joint?

A

-Diarthrosis
-Uniaxial hinge joint
–Modified hinge joint

47
Q

What classifications are involved with the humeroradial joint?

A

-Diarthrosis
-Triaxial ball and socket joint

48
Q

What motions does the humeroradial joint allow?

A

-Flexion/extension
-Pronation/supination

49
Q

What classifications are involved with the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

-Diarthrosis
-Uniaxial pivot joint

50
Q

What motions does the proximal radioulnar joint allow?

A

-Pronation/supination

51
Q

What type of synovial joint is the elbow joint?

A

-Compound synovial joint

52
Q

What ligaments are associated with the elbow?

A

-Humeroulnar
-Humeroradial
-Proximal radioulnar
(The same as the joints!)
-Anterior oblique
-Annular ligament

53
Q

What are the scapular elevators?

A

-Levator scapulae
-Upper trapezius
-Rhomboids (major and minor)

54
Q

What are the scapular depressors?

A

-Lower trapezius
-Latissimus dorsi
-Pectoralis minor
-Subclavius

55
Q

What are the upward scapular rotators?

A

-Upper and lower traps
-Serratus anterior

56
Q

What are the downward scapular rotators?

A

-Rhomboids (major and minor)
-Levator scapulae
-Pectoralis minor

57
Q

What are the scapular retractors?

A

-Rhomboids (major and minor)
-Middle and lower traps

58
Q

What are the scapular protractors?

A

-Pectoralis minor
-Serratus anterior

59
Q

What muscles flex the shoulder?

A

-Coracobrachialis
-Anterior deltoid
-Pectoralis major (clavicular)
-Biceps (short head)

60
Q

What muscles extend the shoulder?

A

-Latissimus dorsi
-Teres Major
-Posterior deltoid
-Triceps (long head)

61
Q

What muscles adduct the shoulder?

A

-Teres Major
-Latissimus dorsi
-Pectoralis major (sternal head)
-Triceps (long head)

62
Q

What muscles abduct the shoulder?

A

-Supraspinatus
-Anterior deltoid
-Middle deltoid

63
Q

What muscles internally rotate the shoulder?

A

-Subscapularis
-Latissimus dorsi
-Teres major
-Pectoralis minor
-Anterior deltoid

64
Q

What does an intrinsic positive hand look like?

A

A dog mouth!
-Flexed at MCP
-Extended at PIP and DIP joints

65
Q

What does an extrinsic positive hand look like?

A

An open claw!
-Extended at MCP
-Flexed at PIP and DIP

66
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adductors of the fingers

67
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abductors of the fingers

68
Q

What is stronger in the hand: flexor torque or extensor torque?

A

Flexor torque
– We do more in the hand that requires flexion

68
Q

What is stronger in the hand: flexor torque or extensor torque?

A

Flexor torque
– We do more in the hand that requires flexion

69
Q

Extrinsic muscles in the hand are crucial for doing what?

A

Positioning the fingers, hand, and wrist

70
Q

Intrinsic muscles in the hand are crucial for doing what?

A

Performing fine motor activities

71
Q

Wrist drop has to do with what nerve?

A

Radial nerve
–Individual cannot actively extend their wrist

72
Q

Claw hand has to do with what nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve
–Individual cannot actively extend IP joints
—Intrinsic minus presentation

73
Q

Ape hand has to do with what nerve?

A

Median nerve
–Individual cannot flex or oppose their thumb across the hand

73
Q

Ape hand has to do with what nerve?

A

Median nerve
–Individual cannot flex or oppose their thumb across the hand

74
Q

What are the requirements for gait?

A

-Balance HAT while standing in erect posture
-Transfer weight of HAT from one LE to the other
-Lift one extremity and move it forward
-Coordination
-Balance
-Kinesthetic and proprioceptive senses
-Integrity of joints and muscles

75
Q

What tasks are involved in walking?

A

-Weight acceptance
-Single limb support
-Swing limb advancement

76
Q

What is the typical walking speed?

A

-3 mph

77
Q

Cadence is gender-biased to which gender?

A

Females
–Tend to take quicker steps

movement science (1 decks)

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